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Evaluation of the sensitivity of IgG and IgM ELISA in detecting Schistosoma mansoni infections in a low endemicity setting

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Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a major public health concern, with 200 million people infected worldwide. In Brazil, this disease has been reported in 19 states, and its prevalence in the city of Barra Mansa in Rio de Janeiro State is 1 %. The parasitological diagnostic methods currently available in these areas lack sensitivity; however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been employed successfully for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis by using antibodies against antigens of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and eggs, and for the detection of circulating antigens. The objective of this study was to determine systematically the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the peripheral areas of Barra Mansa. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2011 by using probabilistic sampling that collected 610 fecal samples and 612 serum samples. ELISA-IgG with total extracts and ELISA-IgM with trichloroacetic acid-soluble fractions were employed to detect antibodies against S. mansoni and were compared with the Kato–Katz and Hoffman parasitological techniques. Among the individuals studied, anti-S. mansoni antibodies were detected in 11.16 % (n = 71) by ELISA-IgG and in 20.75 % (n = 132) by ELISA-IgM, while the parasitological techniques showed 0.82 % (n = 5) positivity. The agreement between the two ELISA tests was 85.38 % (n = 543), and 8.65 % (n = 55) of the serum samples showed positive results in both tests. The higher positivity of the ELISA-IgM test corroborates the results of previous reports and indicates that the test may be a useful tool in epidemiological studies, particularly in areas of low endemicity for S. mansoni.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation under processes 07/53457-7, 08/50461-6, and 10/52615-0. We would like to thank Dra. Hiro Goto from the Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Dr. Edward José de Oliveira from Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, for their assistance during the standardization process; Miss Maria Cristina Conceição de Mello from LIM-06 da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, for her excellent technical assistance in investigating the S. mansoni biological cycle; and Miss Magali Orgam from Seção de Parasitologia da Divisão de Laboratório Central do Hospital das Clínicas da São Paulo, SP, Brazil, for her technical assistance in employing the feces technique.

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  1. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    M. C. C. Espirito-Santo, M. C. A. Sanchez, A. R. Sanchez, M. V. Alvarado-Mora, V. L. P. Castilho, E. M. N. Gonçalves, E. J. A. Luna & R. C. B. Gryschek

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Espirito-Santo, M.C.C., Sanchez, M.C.A., Sanchez, A.R. et al. Evaluation of the sensitivity of IgG and IgM ELISA in detecting Schistosoma mansoni infections in a low endemicity setting. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 33, 2275–2284 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2196-6

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