Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of food-borne infection in human beings. Cases of Salmonella infection have been decreasing in Europe in the last ten years, yet, Salmonella infections are still the main cause of acute diarrhea syndrome. Globalization has caused the international food industry to increase the production of collective nutrition produce and products. This has intensified the need for authorized and accredited laboratories to monitor microbiological food safety. All parameters indicate the necessity of a multi-sector approach to this problem. Food safety supervision involves the analysis and identification of risk management, as well as the monitoring, evaluating, and regulating of crop irrigation. We can be more certain with a multi-sector approach that the number of Salmonella infections caused by plant-originated food stuffs will not increase in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA (1998) Medical microbiology, 21st edn. Simon&Schuster Company, Appleton & Lange, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, pp 214–227
Benenson AS (1995) Control of communicable diseases in man, 16th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Hocking AD (Editor in Chief) (2003) Foodborne microorganisms of public health significance, 6th edn. Australian Institute of Food Science and Technology (AIFST), (NSW Branch) Food Microbiology Group, Waterloo, North Sydney
Doyle MP (2003) Foodborne bacterial pathogens. Marcel Dekker, New York
Antonijević B (2001) Zoonoses—diseases in which appearance animals have an important role [in Serbian]. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Belgrade
Office International des Epizooties (OIE) (2001) International Animal Health Code, 10th edn. Office International des Epizooties, pp 485–498
Lončarević G (2000) Epidemiological characteristics of food borne outbreaks in Republic of Serbia [in Serbian]. In: Proceedings of the Conference About Food and Diet with International Participation, Subotica, Palić, Serbia, November 2000. Institute of Public Health of Subotica, Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”, Belgrade, pp 116–117
Thorns CJ (2000) Bacterial food-borne zoonoses. Rev Sci Tech 19(1):226–239
Herikstad H, Motarjemi Y, Tauxe RV (2002) Salmonella surveillance: a global survey of public health serotyping. Epidemiol Infect 129:1–8
Trajković-Pavlović LB, Popović MB, Novaković BD, Gusman-Pasterko VP, Jevtić MR, Mirilov JM (2007) Occurrence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in some retail food products in Novi Sad. Cent Eur J Public Health 15(4):167–171
World Health Organization (WHO) (2007) Proposed Second WHO European Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy 2007–2012. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/74544/RC57_edoc10.pdf
Galanis E, Lo Fo Wong DM, Patrick ME, Binsztein N, Cieslik A, Chalermchaikit T et al (2006) Web-based surveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000–2002. Emerg Infect Dis 12(3):381–388
Nógrády N, Kardos G, Bistyák A, Turcsányi I, Mészáros J, Galántai Z et al (2008) Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella Infantis isolates originating from different points of the broiler chicken–human food chain in Hungary. Int J Food Microbiol 127(1–2):162–167
van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Tromp S, Rijgersberg H, van Asselt ED (2008) Application of a transmission model to estimate performance objectives for Salmonella in the broiler supply chain. Int J Food Microbiol 128(1):22–27
de Jong B, Öberg J, Svenungsson B (2007) Outbreak of salmonellosis in a restaurant in Stockholm, Sweden, September–October 2006. Euro Surveill 12(11):pii=749. Available online at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=749
Mangalappalli-Illathu AK, Lawrence JR, Swerhone GDW, Korber DR (2008) Architectural adaptation and protein expression patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis biofilms under laminar flow conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 123(1–2):109–120
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (2001) Analysis and Evaluation of Preventive Control Measures for the Control and Reduction/Elimination of Microbial Hazards on Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce. September 30, 2001. Available online at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm090977.htm
North RAE, Duguid JP, Sheard MA (1996) The quality of public sector food-poisoning surveillance in England and Wales, with specific reference to Salmonella food poisoning. British Food J 98(2):1–109
Taormina PJ, Beuchat LR, Slutsker L (1999) Infections associated with eating seed sprouts: an international concern. Emerg Infect Dis 5(5):626–634
Nygård K, Lassen J, Vold L, Andersson Y, Fisher I, Löfdahl S et al (2008) Outbreak of Salmonella Thompson infections linked to imported rucola lettuce. Foodborne Pathog Dis 5(2):165–173
Ait Melloul A, Hassani L, Rafouk L (2001) Salmonella contamination of vegetables irrigated with untreated wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17(2):207–209
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2007) Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with raw tomatoes eaten in restaurants—United States, 2005–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56(35):909–911
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2008) Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Saintpaul infections associated with multiple raw produce items—United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 57(34):929–934
Harris LJ, Farber JN, Beuchat LR, Parish ME, Suslow TV, Garrett EH et al (2003) Outbreaks associated with fresh produce: incidence, growth, and survival of pathogens in fresh and fresh-cut produce. Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safety 2(s1):78–141
Lynch MF, Tauxe RV, Hedberg CW (2009) The growing burden of foodborne outbreaks due to contaminated fresh produce: risks and opportunities. Epidemiol Infect 137:307–315
Quiroz-Santiago C, Rodas-Suárez OR, Vázquez Q, Carlos R, Fernández FJ, Quiñones-Ramírez EI et al (2009) Prevalence of Salmonella in vegetables from Mexico. J Food Prot 72(6):1279–1282
Brandl MT, Mandrell RE (2002) Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the Cilantro Phyllosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(7):3614–3621
Xia X, Zhao S, Smith A, McEvoy J, Meng J, Bhagwat AA (2009) Characterization of Salmonella isolates from retail foods based on serotyping, pulse field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic properties. Int J Food Microbiol 129(1):93–98
Guo X, van Iersel MW, Chen J, Brackett RE, Beuchat LR (2002) Evidence of association of salmonellae with tomato plants grown hydroponically in inoculated nutrient solution. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:3639–3643
Dong Y, Iniguez AL, Ahmer BMM, Triplett EW (2003) Kinetics and strain specificity of rhizosphere and endophytic colonization by enteric bacteria on seedlings of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(3):1783–1790
Klerks MM, Franz E, van Gent-Pelzer M, Zijlstra C, van Bruggen AHC (2007) Differential interaction of Salmonella enterica serovars with lettuce cultivars and plant-microbe factors influencing the colonization efficiency. Int Soc Microbiol Ecol J 1:620–631
Heaton JC, Jones K (2008) Microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables and the behaviour of enteropathogens in the phyllosphere: a review. J Appl Microbiol 104:613–626
Sapers GM, Gorny JR, Yousef AE (2005) Microbiology of fruits and vegetables. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Berg G, Eberl L, Hartmann A (2005) The rhizosphere as a reservoir for opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 7:1673–1685
Drecktrah D, Knodler LA, Ireland R, Steele-Mortimer O (2006) The mechanism of Salmonella entry determines the vacuolar environment and intracellular gene expression. Traffic 7:39–51
Danyluk MD, Nozawa-Inoue M, Hristova KR, Scow KM, Lampinen BD, Harris LJ (2008) Survival and growth of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 in almond orchard soils. J Appl Microbiol 104:1391–1399
Nicholson FA, Groves SJ, Chambers BJ (2005) Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresour Technol 96:135–143
Beier RC, Pillai SD, Phillips TD, Ziprin RL (eds) (2004) Preharvest and postharvest food safety: contemporary issues and future directions. IFT Press, Ames, IA, 455 pp
Schikora A, Carreri A, Charpentier E, Hirt H (2008) The dark side of the salad: Salmonella typhimurium overcomes the innate immune response of Arabidopsis thaliana and shows an endopathogenic lifestyle. PLoS One 3(5):e2279
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ (2006) Host–microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response. Cell 124:803–814
Nakagami H, Pitzschke A, Hirt H (2005) Emerging MAP kinase pathways in plant stress signalling. Trends Plant Sci 10:339–346
Halim VA, Vess A, Scheel D, Rosahl S (2006) The role of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in pathogen defence. Plant Biol 8:307–313
Lapidot A, Romling U, Yaron S (2006) Biofilm formation and the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium on parsley. Int J Food Microbiol 109:229–233
Pezzoli L, Elson R, Little C, Fisher I, Yip H, Peters T et al (2007) International outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg in 2007. Euro Surveill 12(24):pii=3218. Available online at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=3218
Elviss NC, Little CL, Hucklesby L, Sagoo S, Surman-Lee S, de Pinna E et al (2009) Microbiological study of fresh herbs from retail premises uncovers an international outbreak of salmonellosis. Int J Food Microbiol 134(1–2):83–88
Berger CN, Shaw RK, Brown DJ, Mather H, Clare S, Dougan G et al (2009) Interaction of Salmonella enterica with basil and other salad leaves. Int Soc Microbiol Ecol J 3(2):261–265
Kljujev I, Raičević V (2008) Quality of water for irrigation and production of healthy secured food [in Serbian]. In: Proceedings of the VIth Congress of Medical Microbiologists, Belgrade, Serbia, June 2008. Abstract Summary. Micromed 145–146
Rushdy AA, Stuart JM, Ward LR, Bruce J, Threlfall EJ, Punia P et al (1998) National outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg associated with infant food. Epidemiol Infect 120:125–128
Rabsch W, Prager R, Koch J, Stark K, Roggentin P, Bockemühl et al (2005) Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Agona: characterization of a diffuse outbreak caused by aniseed–fennel–caraway infusion. Epidemiol Infect 133(5):837–844
Koch J, Schrauder A, Alpers K, Werber D, Frank C, Prager R et al (2005) Salmonella Agona outbreak from contaminated aniseed, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 11(7):1224–1227
Cronquist A (2009) Multi-state outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg associated with green grapes Western States, Fall 2001. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Available online at: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/infectious_diseases/iceid/2002/pdf/cronquist.pdf
Stefanović S (2004) New risky ingredients [in Serbian]. Vojvodinian Epidemiol Monthly 2(4):1
Vij V, Ailes E, Wolyniak C, Angulo FJ, Klontz KC (2006) Recalls of spices due to bacterial contamination monitored by the U.S. food and Drug Administration: the predominance of Salmonellae. J Food Prot 69(1):233–237
Ilić S, Injac D, Đurić P, Petrović V, Ćosić G, Ristić M (2009) Infectious diseases in AP Vojvodina 2008 [in Serbian]. Novi Sad; Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 111 pp
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Mary Relindes Ellis, MFA, Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Iowa, for her great help in editing the manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krtinić, G., Đurić, P. & Ilić, S. Salmonellae in food stuffs of plant origin and their implications on human health. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29, 1321–1325 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1001-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1001-4