Abstract
Three softwood samples and one hardwood sample were tested under a tension load applied along the radial direction using small clear specimens and the local tension strain was measured using the digital image correlation method. We successfully obtained a stress-strain curve with a strain-softening branch by calculating the stress using the strain distributions in the vicinity where the specimen ruptured. The continuous digital imaging of the specimen proved to be very effective for measuring the strain in quasi-brittle materials such as wood under tension. The nonlinearity of the stress-strain curve was quantified using two parameters representing the deviation from linear elasticity, and the formula of the stress-strain curve was deduced from the interrelation between these parameters. This formula is expressed quite simply by using the modulus of elasticity along the radial direction and another constant that is unique to the material.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vasic S, Smith I (2002) Bridging crack model for fracture of spruce. Eng Fract Mech 69:745–760
Stanzl-Tschegg SE, Tan DM, Tschegg EK (1995) New splitting method for wood fracture characterization. Wood Sci Technol 29:31–50
Tschegg EK, Frühmann K, Stanzl-Tschegg SE (2001) Damage and fracture mechanisms during mode I and mode III loading of wood. Holzforschung 55:525–533
Okusa K (1977) On the prismatical bar torsion of wood as elastic and plastic material with orthogonal anisotropy (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 23:217–227
Yoshihara H, Ohta M (1995) Shear stress-shear strain relationship of wood in the plastic region. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41:529–536
Yoshihara H, Ohta M (1995) Determination of the shear stress-shear strain relationship of wood by torsion tests. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41:988–993
Ukyo S, Masuda M (2004) Investigation of the true stress-strain relation in shear using the digital image correlation method (in Japanese). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 50:146–150
Smith I, Landis E, Gong M (2003) Fracture and fatigue in wood. Wiley, Chichester, pp 99–121
Bodig J, Jayne BA (1982) Mechanics of wood and wood composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 285–290
Harmuth H, Rieder K, Krobath M, Tschegg E (1996) Investigation of the nonlinear fracture behaviour of ordinary ceramic refractory materials. Mater Sci Eng A214:53–61
Reiterer A, Sinn G, Stanzl-Tschegg SE (2002) Fracture characteristics of different wood species under mode I loading perpendicular to the grain. Mater Sci Eng A332:29–36
Murata K, Masuda M, Ukyo S (2005) Analysis of strain distribution of wood using digital image correlation method-four-point bend test of timber including knots (in Japanese). Trans Visualiz Soc Jpn 25:57–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006
About this article
Cite this article
Miyauchi, K., Murata, K. Strain-softening behavior of wood under tension perpendicular to the grain. J Wood Sci 53, 463–469 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-007-0899-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-007-0899-3