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Diagnostic utility of different dysphagia screening tools to detect dysphagia in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Abstract

Objective

Dysphagia is a common and serious clinical symptom of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of four dysphagia screening tools in ALS, including the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) bulbar subscale, water-swallowing test (WST), Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) and Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ).

Methods

A total of 68 individuals from First Hospital, Shanxi medical university, were recruited in the study. The ALSFRS-R, WST, EAT-10, SSQ and the gold standard video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were performed. The Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) during VFSS was assessed to identify unsafe swallowing (PAS ≥ 3) and aspiration (PAS ≥ 6). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the 4 tools. Youden index was used to determine the ideal cut-off value for each tool.

Results

Of the patients, 20.59% (14/68) presented unsafety swallowing and 16.18% (11/68) had aspiration. The four tools could effectively identify patients with unsafe swallowing and aspiration. The EAT-10 had the maximum AUC (0.873 and 0.963, respectively) among the tools in the diagnosis of unsafe swallowing and aspiration. To detect unsafe swallowing and aspiration, an EAT-10 score of 6 (sensitivity: 78.6%, specificity: 87.0%) and an EAT-10 score of 8 (sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 91.2%), were the most appropriate cut-off points, respectively.

Conclusions

The ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale, WST, EAT-10, and SSQ could effectively identify unsafe swallowing and aspiration in patients with ALS. Of the four tools, the EAT-10 was relatively accurate, safe, and convenient. Further studies including more patients should be conducted to verify the conclusions.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.85, Jiefang South Street, Taiyuan, China

    Xiaoqian Xia, Wei Zhang, Junhong Guo, Xueli Chang, Rongjuan Zhao, Juan Wang, Xiaomin Pang & Jing Zhang

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Correspondence to Wei Zhang.

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Xia, X., Zhang, W., Guo, J. et al. Diagnostic utility of different dysphagia screening tools to detect dysphagia in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 44, 3919–3927 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-06918-2

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