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Global and local shape features of the hippocampus based on Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalues and eigenfunctions: a potential application in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy

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Abstract

Using magnetic resonance (MR) images to evaluate changes in the shape of the hippocampus has been an active research topic. This paper presents a new shape analysis approach to quantify and visualize deformations of the hippocampus in epilepsy. The proposed method is based on Laplace–Beltrami (LB) eigenvalues and eigenfunctions as isometric invariant shape features, and thus, the procedure does not require any image registration. In addition to the LB-based shape features, total hippocampal volume and surface area are calculated using manually segmented images. Theses shape and volumetric descriptors are used to distinguish the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (N = 55) from healthy control subjects (N = 12, age = 32.2 ± 9.1, sex (M/F) = 6/6) and patients with right TLE (N = 26, age = 45.1 ± 11.0, sex (M/F) = 9/17) from left TLE (N = 29, age = 45.4 ± 11.9, sex (M/F) = 10/19). Experimental results illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach for the diagnosis and lateralization of TLE with 93.0% and 86.4% of the cases, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the volumetric analysis in terms of both sensitivity (94.9% vs. 88.1%) and specificity (83.3% vs. 50.0%) of the lateralization. The analysis of local hippocampal thickness variations suggests significant deformation in both ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi of epileptic patients, while there were no differences between right and left hippocampi in controls. It is anticipated that the proposed method could be advantageous in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy; however, further validation of the method using a larger dataset is required.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Martin Reuter for his software “shapeDNA.” The authors would also like to thank Dr. Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani for segmenting hippocampus from magnetic resonance images. The authors also thank Dr. Seyed Reza Moghadasi for assisting in the LB operator’s theories.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia

    Rosita Shishegar

  2. The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia

    Rosita Shishegar

  3. Discipline of Medical Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Ziba Gandomkar

  4. Biomedical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran

    Alireza Fallahi

  5. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh

  6. Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh

  7. Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh

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  1. Rosita Shishegar
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Correspondence to Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh or Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh.

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Shishegar, R., Gandomkar, Z., Fallahi, A. et al. Global and local shape features of the hippocampus based on Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalues and eigenfunctions: a potential application in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurol Sci 43, 5543–5552 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06204-7

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