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Association between serum paraoxonase 1 activity and its polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review

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Abstract

Background

Human serum paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme that is synthesized by the liver and enters the bloodstream, and it is transmitted by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme with a wide range of substrates and the ability to protect against lipid oxidation. In this study, due to the activity of PON1 in the brain and its antioxidant effects on the reduction of neurological disorders in the central nervous system, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms related to multiple sclerosis has been examined to enhance treatment methods.

Methods

This article is a systematic review. In this study, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated. Articles published in Persian and international databases of SID, Google Scholar, ISI (WoS), Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, IranDoc, Science Direct, and Iran Medix were examined, using the search keywords of Paraoxonase 1, polymorphism, multiple sclerosis, and PON1.

Results

PON1 is undoubtedly a potential factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and it plays an important role in protecting antioxidants in the blood. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Both inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have a detrimental effect on PON1. However, reducing the activity of PON1 may help to restore the pathogenesis of the disease.

Conclusion

Decreased PON1 activity and PON1 polymorphism are associated with several neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, white matter lesions (WMLs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. PON1-55M alleles in Italians and PON1-192Q alleles in Poles were associated with a high risk of MS. Moreover, PON1-55 and PON1-192 polymorphisms were not associated with MS onset age, nor its evolutionary type.

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Data availability

Datasets are available through the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

PON:

human serum paraoxonase

HDL:

high-density lipoproteins

LDL:

low-density lipoprotein

VLDL:

very-low-density lipoprotein

MS:

multiple sclerosis

WMLs:

white matter lesions

PON1:

paraoxonase 1

PON2:

paraoxonase 2

PON3:

paraoxonase 3

DFP:

diisopropyl fluorophosphate

ARE:

arylesterase

CNS:

central nervous system

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

SID:

Scientific Information Database

PRISMA:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

STROBE:

Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology

HPBP:

phosphate-binding protein

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the faculty members of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Nader Salari

  2. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Nader Salari

  3. Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Shna Rasoulpoor, Kamran Mansouri & Shervin Shabani

  4. Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK

    Amin Hosseinian-Far

  5. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Nazanin Razazian

  6. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Masoud Mohammadi, Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani & Rostam Jalali

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  1. Nader Salari
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Contributions

SHR, NS, and KM contributed to the design; MM, RJ, and AVR participated in most of the study steps. SHSH, NR, and AH prepared the manuscript. MM and SHSH assisted in designing the study, and helped in the interpretation of the study. All authors have read and approved the content of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Masoud Mohammadi.

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Salari, N., Rasoulpoor, S., Hosseinian-Far, A. et al. Association between serum paraoxonase 1 activity and its polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 42, 491–500 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04842-3

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