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Ischemic stroke in young adults in Bogota, Colombia: a cross-sectional study

Neurological Sciences volume 42, pages 639–645 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

There has been an increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults. It is believed that it is due to the increase in traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This change has affected the quality of life of young adults.

Aims

To describe the most common etiologies and risk factors in patients aged ≤ 50 who had ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2018.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study of patients under 50 years who had ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2018 who were evaluated at a comprehensive center in Bogotá, Colombia. We carried out a descriptive analysis of comorbidities, the Trial of Org for Acute Stroke (TOAST), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results

A total of 152 patients were included, out of which 50.66% were men. The most frequent traditional risk factors were smoking history (19%), history of high blood pressure (18%), presence of cardiovascular disease (17%), and history of migraine (15%). The most common etiological subgroups were those classified as “other determined etiologies” (33.5%) and “undetermined etiology” (33.5%), while the most common etiology was carotid or vertebral artery dissection (23%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the need to make a deep evaluation of the past medical history, laboratory tests, and new risk factors in young adults. On the other hand, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors top the list, showing the need to implement health promotion strategies for young adults.

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Author information

Affiliations

  1. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

    Maria Paula Aguilera-Pena, Andres Felipe Cardenas-Cruz, Ivan Baracaldo, Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes, Maria Isabel Ocampo-Navia & Elza Juliana Coral

  2. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia

    Ivan Baracaldo & Elza Juliana Coral

  3. Instituto de Envejecimiento, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

    Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes

Authors
  1. Maria Paula Aguilera-Pena
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  2. Andres Felipe Cardenas-Cruz
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  3. Ivan Baracaldo
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  4. Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes
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  5. Maria Isabel Ocampo-Navia
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  6. Elza Juliana Coral
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception, design, material preparation, and data collection. Analyses were performed by Maria Paula Aguilera Peña, Andrés Felipe Cardenas Cruz, and Elkin Garcia Cifuentes. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Maria Paula Aguilera Peña and Andrés Felipe Cardenas Cruz, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Paula Aguilera-Pena.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The ethics committee from Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia approved the study.

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Aguilera-Pena, M.P., Cardenas-Cruz, A.F., Baracaldo, I. et al. Ischemic stroke in young adults in Bogota, Colombia: a cross-sectional study. Neurol Sci 42, 639–645 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04584-2

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Keywords

  • Ischemic stroke
  • Young adults
  • Risk factors
  • Etiology