References
Kim JH, Hwang JM (2017) Imaging of cranial nerves III, IV, VI in congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Korean J Ophthalmol 31:183–193. https://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2017.0024
Kim JH, Hwang JM (2005) Presence of the abducens nerve according to the type of Duane’s retraction syndrome. Ophthalmology 112:109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.040
Bosley TM, Salih MA, Alorainy I, Oystreck D, Nester M, Abu-Amero KK, Tischfield MA, Engle EC (2007) Clinical characterization of the HOXA1 syndrome BSAS variant. Neurology 69:1245–1253. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000276947.59704.cf
Weir FW, Kreicher KL, Hatch JL, Nguyen SA, Meyer TA (2016) Audiologic and otologic phenotype in children with Duane’s retraction syndrome: a rare ophthalmologic disorder. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 89:154–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.08.014
Kirkham TH (1970) Inheritance of Duanes syndrome. Brit J Ophthalmol 54:323–329. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.54.5.323
Park C, Kim JH, Hwang JM (2012) Coexistence of Mobius syndrome and Duane’s retraction syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:1707–1709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1816-4
Kim JH, Kim SK, Hwang JM (2014) Combined bilateral absence of trochlear and abducens nerve. Neurol Sci 35:1457–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1728-2
Hwang JM, Seong MW, Kim JH, Park SS (2015) Absence of CHN1 in two patients with a bilateral absence of cranial nerves IV and VI. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253:491–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-014-2828-7
Funding
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2017R1A2B4011450).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, H.K., Kim, J.H. & Hwang, JM. Absent cochlear and abducens nerves in a patient with Duane retraction syndrome. Neurol Sci 40, 643–644 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3630-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3630-9