Abstract
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a serious central nervous system infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, seen mostly in immunocompromised hosts and less in immunocompetent patients. The vast majority of cryptococcosis cases are seen as human immunodeficiency virus infections with advanced immunosuppression. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are the most common clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, immunocompetent patients with CM are rarely reported. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare complication of CM. Here, we report an immunocompetent patient with CM from a non-endemic area, who presented with an acute onset and atypical symptoms associated with cerebral venous thrombosis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Zahra LV, Azzopardi CM, Scott G (2004) Cryptococcal meningitis in two apparently immunocompetent Maltese patients. Mycoses 47(3–4):168–173
Lui G, Lee N, Ip M et al (2006) Cryptococcosis in apparently immunocompetent patients. QJM 99(3):143–151
Ginsberg L, Kidd D (2008) Chronic and recurrent meningitis. Pract Neurol 8(6):348–361
Chen S, Chen X, Zhang Z et al (2011) MRI findings of cerebral cryptococcosis in immuncompetent patients. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 55(1):52–57
Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ et al (2009) Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 23(4):525–530
Pappas PG, Perfect JR, Cloud GA et al (2001) Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy. Clin Infect Dis 33(5):690–699
Shih CC, Chen YC, Chang SC et al (2000) Cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV-infected patients. QJM 93(4):245–251
Byrnes EJ 3rd, Marr KA (2011) The outbreak of Cryptococcus gattii in western North America: epidemiology and clinical issues. Curr Infect Dis Rep 13(3):256–261
Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N (2001) Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. Emerg Infect Dis 7(3):375–381
Graybill JR (2004) Cryptococcus neoformans. In: Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR (eds) Infectious diseases, 3rd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 2206–2211
Chen S, Sorrell T, Nimmo G et al (2000) Epidemiology and host- and variety-dependent characteristics of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Australia and New Zealand. Australasian Cryptococcal Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 31:499–508
Sarkis RA, Mays M, Isada C, Ahmed M (2015) MRI findings in cryptococcal meningitis of the non-HIV population. Neurologist 19(2):40–45
Loyse A, Moodley A, Rich P et al (2015) Neurological, visual, and MRI brain scan findings in 87 South African patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. J Infect 70(6):668–675
Lee YC, Wang JT, Sun HY, Chen YC (2011) Comparisons of clinical features and mortality of cryptococcal meningitis between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 44(5):338–345
Alejandra GD, Carla TS, Laura MO (2014) cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-positive patient. J Clin Case Rep 4:9
Thiansukhon E, Potigumjon A, Smitasin N (2014) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a rare complication in cryptococcal meningitis. Int J Infect Dis 21:291
Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F et al (2010) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 50(3):291–322
Koufakis T, Tsapakidis K, Gabranis I (2014) A case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin-B and fluconazole. Hippokratia 18(4):380
Voelz K, May RC (2010) Cryptococcal interactions with the host immune system. Eukaryot Cell 9(6):835–846
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Senadim, S., Alpaydin Baslo, S., Tekin Güveli, B. et al. A rare cause of cerebral venous thrombosis: cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Neurol Sci 37, 1145–1148 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2550-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2550-9