Skip to main content

Antioxidant activity and calcium bioaccessibility of Moringa oleifera leaf hydrolysate, as a potential calcium supplement in food

Food Science and Biotechnology volume 29, pages 1563–1571 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Moringa oleifera leaf (ML) is rich in vitamins and minerals, specially abundant calcium, therefore it is widely used as a calcium supplement for food. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and calcium bioaccessibility of M. oleifera leaf hydrolysate (MLH) as a calcium supplement for kimchi. MLH was prepared under three different proteases, two different protease contents, and three different incubation times. Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were investigated. Cellular activity and calcium bioaccessibility were also investigated. The highest calcium level of MLH was observed in 3% Protamex treatment for 4 h. TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of MLH in Protamex and Alcalase treatments were higher than those in Flavourzyme treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, high cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity were also observed in C2C12 cells. Kimchi containing MLH showed high calcium accessibility compared to kimchi alone. Taken together, the application of MLH could have potential as a calcium supplement for kimchi production.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Abdull Razis AF, Ibrahim MD and Kntayya SB. Health benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac. J. Cancer P. 15: 8571-8576 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ademiluyi AO, Aladeselu OH, Oboh G and Boligon A. Drying alters the phenolic constituents, antioxidant properties, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf. Food Sci. Nutr. 6: 2123-2133 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adetola OY, Kruger J, White Z and Taylor JRN. Comparison between food-to-food fortification of pearl millet porridge with moringa leaves and baobab fruit and with adding ascorbic and citric acid on iron, zinc and other mineral bioaccessibility. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 106: 92-97 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen JC, Issa JY and Cai W. Calcium content, in vitro digestibility, and bioaccessibility in leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas), and drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera). F1000Res. 3: 65 (2019)

  • Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K and Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant activity/capacity measurement. 1. Classification, physicochemical principles, mechanisms, and electron transfer (ET)-based assays. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64: 997-1027 (2016)

  • Atawodi SE, Atawodi JC, Idakwo GA, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Bartsch H and Owen RW. Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam. J. Med. Food 13: 710-716 (2010)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banik S, Biswas S and Karmakar S. Extraction, purification, and activity of protease from the leaves of Moringa oleifera. F1000Res. 7: 1151 (2018)

  • Boateng L, Ashley I, Ohemeng A, Asante M and Steiner-Asiedu M. Improving blood retinol concentrations with complementary foods fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder—a pilot study. Yale J. Biol. Med. 91: 83-94 (2018)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chae HJ, Han MS and In MJ. Study on utilization of vegetable by-product from food processing by enzyme treatment. J. Korean Soc. Appl. BI. 47: 146-148 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM and Cherrn JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10: 178-182 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin CY, Jalil J, Ng PY and Ng SF. Development and formulation of Moringa oleifera standardised leaf extract film dressing for wound healing application. J. Ethnopharmacol. 212: 188-199 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chumark P, Khunawat P, Sanvarinda Y, Phornchirasilp S, Morales NP, Phivthong-Ngam L, Ratanachamnong P, Srisawat S and Klai-upsorn SP. The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic activities of water extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 116: 439-446 (2008)

  • Dai J, Tao L, Shi C, Yang S, Li D, Sheng J and Tian Y. Fermentation improves calcium bioavailability in Moringa oleifera leaves and prevents bone loss in calcium-deficient rats. Food Sci. Nutr. 8: 3692-3703 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devisetti R, Sreerama YN and Bhattacharya S. Processing effects on bioactive components and functional properties of moringa leaves: development of a snack and quality evaluation. J. Food Sci. Tech. 53: 649-657 (2016)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durazzo A, Turfani V, Azzini E, Maiani G and Carcea M. Phenols, lignans and antioxidant properties of legume and sweet chestnut flours. Food Chem. 140: 666-671 (2013)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Hadary AE and Ramadan MF. Antioxidant traits and protective impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against diclofenac sodium-induced liver toxicity in rats. J. Food Biochem. 43: e12704 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahey JW. Moringa oleifera: a review of the medicinal evidence for its nutritional therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees Life J. 1: 5 (2005)

  • Falowo AB, Mukumbo FE, Idamokoro EM, Lorenzo JM, Afolayan AJ and Muchenje V. Multi-functional application of Moringa oleifera Lam. in nutrition and animal food products: a review. Food Res. Int. 106: 317-334 (2018)

  • Fu S, Augustin MA, Shen Z, Ng K, Sanguansri L and Ajlouni S. Bioaccessibility of curcuminoids in buttermilk in simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. Food Chem. 179: 52-59 (2015)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamed HS and El-Sayed YS. Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 45: 71-82 (2019)

  • Jadhav R and Anal AK. Experimental investigation on biochemical, microbial and sensory properties of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) treated with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves powder. J. Food Sci. Tech. 55: 3647-3656 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin SI, Kim HJ, Jeong JH, Jin DE, Choi SG and Heo HJ. Nutritional composition and cytoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. Korean J. Food Sci. Tech. 46: 609-615 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YJ and Kim HS. Screening Moringa species focused on development of locally available sustainable nutritional supplements. Nutr. Res. Pract. 13: 529-534 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kushwaha S, Chawla P and Kochhar A. Effect of supplementation of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) leaves powder on antioxidant profile and oxidative status among postmenopausal women. J. Food Sci. Tech. 51: 3464-3469 (2014)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J and Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: an overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16: 12791-12835 (2015)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • López M, Ríos-Silva M, Huerta M, Cárdenas Y, Bricio-Barrios JA, Díaz-Reval MI, Urzúa Z, Huerta-Trujillo M, López-Quezada K and Trujillo X. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on metabolic syndrome induced in male wistar rats: a preliminary study. J. Int. Med. Res. 46: 3327-3336 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monera-Penduka TG, Maponga CC, Wolfe AR, Wiesner L, Morse GD and Nhachi CF. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected adults: a one sequence cross-over study. AIDS Res. Ther. 14: 12 (2017)

  • Moyo B, Masika PJ, Hugo A and Muchenje V. Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10: 19925-19933 (2013)

  • Nwidu LL, Elmorsy E, Aprioku JS, Siminialayi I and Carter WG. In vitro anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activity of extracts of Moringa oleifera plants from rivers state, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Medicines 5: E71 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olawoye OS, Adeagbo BA and Bolaji OO. Moringa oleifera leaf powder alters the pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine in healthy human volunteers. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 43: 626-632 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omodanisi EI, Aboua YG and Oguntibeju OO. Assessment of the anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of Moringa Oleifera in diabetes-induced nephrotoxic male wistar rats. Molecules 22: 439 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rockwood JL, Anderson BG and Casamatta DA. Potential uses of Moringa oleifera and an examination of antibiotic efficacy conferred by M. oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques available to underserved indigenous populations. Int. J. Phytother. Res. 3: 61-71 (2013)

  • Sabokbar A, Millett PJ, Myer B and Rushton N. A rapid, quantitative assay for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic cells in vitro. Bone Miner. 27: 57-67 (1994)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sankhalkar S and Vernekar V. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoid content in Moringa oleifera Lam and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Pharmacogn. Res. 8: 16-21 (2016)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saucedo-Pompa S, Torres-Castillo JA, Castro-López C, Rojas R, Sánchez-Alejo EJ, Ngangyo-Heya M and Martínez-Ávila GC. Moringa plants: bioactive compounds and promising applications in food products. Food Res. Int. 111: 438-450 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Gutiérrez JA, Valdéz-Solana MA, Forbes-Hernández TY, Avitia-Domínguez CI, Garcia-Vargas GG, Salas-Pacheco JM, Flores-Herrera O, Téllez-Valencia A, Battino M and Sierra-Campos E. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on high glucose-induced metabolic changes in HepG2 cells. Biology 7: E37 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreelatha S and Padma PR. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves in two stages of maturity. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 64: 303-311 (2009)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szulc P, Seeman E and Delmas PD. Biochemical measurements of bone turnover in children and adolescents. Osteoporosis Int. 11: 281-294 (2000)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira EMB, Carvalho MRB, Neves VA, Silva MA and Arantes-Pereira L. Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Food Chem. 147: 51-54 (2014)

  • Van der Merwe R, Kruger J, Ferruzzi MG, Duodu KG and Taylor JRN. Improving iron and zinc bioaccessibility through food-to-food fortification of pearl millet with tropical plant foodstuffs (moringa leaf powder, roselle calyces and baobab fruit pulp). J. Food Sci. Tech. 56: 2244-2256 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verma AR, Vijayakumar M, Mathela CS and Rao CV. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47: 2196-2201 (2009)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villaño D, Fernández-Pachón MS, Moyá ML, Troncoso AM and García-Parrilla MC. Radical scavenging ability of polyphenolic compounds towards DPPH free radical. Talanta 71: 230-235 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Gao Y, Ding H, Liu S, Han X, Gui J and Liu D. Subcritical ethanol extraction of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaf and evaluation of antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 218: 152-158 (2017)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants from the World Institute of Kimchi (KE1901-3, KE2002-2-2), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Industrial Technology Research Group, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Nam-Gu, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea

    Ye-Rang Yun, Su-Jin Oh, Min-Jung Lee, Yun-Jung Choi, Sung Jin Park, Mi-Ai Lee, Sung-Gi Min & Sung-Hee Park

  2. Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Nam-Gu, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea

    Hye-Young Seo

Authors
  1. Ye-Rang Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Su-Jin Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Min-Jung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yun-Jung Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sung Jin Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mi-Ai Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sung-Gi Min
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hye-Young Seo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Sung-Hee Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung-Hee Park.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yun, YR., Oh, SJ., Lee, MJ. et al. Antioxidant activity and calcium bioaccessibility of Moringa oleifera leaf hydrolysate, as a potential calcium supplement in food. Food Sci Biotechnol 29, 1563–1571 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00820-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00820-9

Keywords

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Alkaline phosphatase activity
  • Bioaccessibility
  • Calcium
  • Moringa oleifera leaf hydrolysate
  • Protease