Skip to main content

Anti-inflammatory and in vitro bone formation effects of Garcinia mangostana L. and propolis extracts

Food Science and Biotechnology volume 29, pages 539–548 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory and in vitro bone formation effects of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) and propolis extracts. Immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) cells were treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis KCOM 2804 lipopolysaccharide followed by treatment with mangosteen and propolis extract alone or in combination. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effect of mangosteen and/or propolis extracts on mineralization of MG-63 cells was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining. Group mangosteen extract complex 1:34 (1 µg/ml mangosteen extract and 34 µg/ml propolis extract) significantly reduced expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2. It had higher than other groups in vitro bone formation effect on MG63 cells. These results suggest that mangosteen and propolis extract complex could be used in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  • Altan BA, Kara IM, Nalcaci R, Ozan F, Erdogan SM, Ozkut MM, Inan S. Systemic propolis stimulates new bone formation at the expanded suture: a histomorphometric study. Angle Orthod. 83: 286-291 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borrelli F, Maffia P, Pinto L, Ianaro A, Russo A, Capasso F, Ialenti A. Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Fitoterapia 73: 53-63 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen LG, Yang LL, Wang CC. Anti-inflammatory activity of mangostins from Garcinia mangostana. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46: 688-693 (2008)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cushnie TP, Lamb AJ. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 26: 343-356 (2005). Erratum in: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 27: 181 (2006)

  • Feng J, Shi Z, Ye Z. Effects of metabolites of the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol on osteoblastic differentiation of MG-63 cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31: 1067-1070 (2008)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita Y, Ito H, Sekino S, Numabe Y. Correlations between pentraxin 3 or cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis. Odontology 100: 215-221 (2012)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Orozco F, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Lesinski GB, Suksamrarn S, Failla ML. α-Mangostin: anti-inflammatory activity and metabolism by human cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61: 3891-3900 (2013)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Orozco F, Failla ML. Biological activities and bioavailability of mangosteen xanthones: a critical review of the current evidence. Nutrient 5: 3163-3183 (2013)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13: 572-584 (2002)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idrus E, Bramma K. Mangosteen extract inhibits LPS-induced bone resorption by controlling osteoclast. J. Int. Dent. Med. Res. 9: 362-367 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JJ, Petiwala SM, Syed DN, Rasmussen JT, Adhami VM, Siddiqui IA, Kohl AM, Mukhtar H. α-Mangostin, a xanthone from mangosteen fruit, promotes cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer and decreases xenograft tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 33: 413-419 (2012)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern B, Shen J, Starbuck M, Karsenty G. Cbfa1 contributes to the osteoblast-specific expression of type I collagen genes. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 7101-7107 (2001)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komori T, Yagi H, Nomura S, Yamaguchi A, Sasaki K, Deguchi K, Shimizu Y, Bronson RT, Gao YH, Inada M, Sato M, Okamoto R, Kitamura Y, Yoshiki S, Kishimoto T. Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell 89: 755-764 (1997)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Tang X, Li C, Pan C, Li Q, Geng F, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch. Oral Biol. 60: 1153-1161 (2015)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaluart P, Masferrer JL, Carothers AM. Inhibition effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells and in a rat model of inflammation. Cancer Res. 59: 2347-2352 (1999)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell 108: 17-29 (2002)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen PT, Marquis RE. Antimicrobial actions of α-mangostin against oral streptococci. Can. J. Microbiol. 57: 217-225 (2011)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Occhiuto F, Pasquale RD, Guglielmo G, Palumbo DR, Zangla G, Samperi S, Renzo A, Circosta C. Effects of phytoestrogenic isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) on experimental osteoporosis. Phytother. Res. 21: 130-134 (2007)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okada N, Kobayashi M, Mugikura K, Okamatsu Y, Hanazawa S, Kitano S, Hasegawa K. Interleukin-6 production in human fibroblasts derived from periodontal tissues is differentially regulated by cytokines and a glucocorticoid. J. Periodontal Res. 32: 559-569 (1997)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pai MR, Acharya LD, Udupa N. Evaluation of antiplaque activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract gel—a 6-week clinical study. J. Ethnopharmacol. 90: 99-103 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palombo EA. Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2011: 1-15 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Terry MS. On the history and mechanism of alizarin and alizarin red S stains for calcium. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17: 110-124 (1969)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos AFN, Miranda JL. Propolis: a review of its anti-inflammatory and healing actions. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 13: 697-710 (2007)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raso GM, Meli R, Carlo GD, Pacilio M, Carlo RD. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by flavonoids in macrophage J774A. 1. Life Sci. 68: 921-931 (2001)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinholz GG, Getz B, Pederson L, Sanders ES, Subramaniam M, Ingle JN, Spelsberg TC. Bisphosphonates directly regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression in human osteoblasts. Cancer Res. 60: 6001-6007 (2000)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez GA, Miozza VA, Delgado A, Busch L. Salivary IL-1β and PGE2 as biomarkers of periodontal status, before and after periodontal treatment. J. Clin. Periodontol. 40: 1112-1117 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Socransky SS, Smith C, Haffajee AD. Subgingival microbial profiles in refractory periodontal disease. J. Clin. Periodontol. 29: 260-268 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T. Mixed red-complex bacterial infection in periodontitis. Int. J. Dent. 2013: 587279 (2013)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tjahjani S, Widowati W, Khiong K, Suhendra A, Tjokropranoto R. Antioxidant properties of Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen) Rind. Procedia Chem. 13: 198-203 (2014)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tredwin C, Scully C, Bagan-Sebastian J. Drug-induced disorders of teeth. J. Dental Res. 84: 596-602 (2005)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Dolder J, Bancroft GN, Sikavitsas VI, Spauwen PH, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. Flow perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in titanium fiber mesh. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 64: 235-241 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yiemwattana I, Chaisomboon N, Jamdee K. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential of Morus alba stem extract. Open Dent. J. 12: 265-274 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yiemwattana I, Ruchadaporn, K. Alpha-mangostin suppresses IL-6 and IL-8 expression in LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Odontology 103: 348-355 (2015)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Tan L, Lin L, Wang H, Pan C, Pan Y. Local and peripheral cytokines profiling on Porphyromonas gingivalis induced rat periodontitis model. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 9: 5996-6004 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Med Lab Co., Ltd. (2016-0110).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea

    Yun Kyong Lim & Joong-Ki Kook

  2. Medi Bio Lab Co., Ltd., Seoul, 61452, Republic of Korea

    So Young Yoo, Young Yoon Jang & Dae Sung Lee

  3. Jong Kun Dang Pharmacy, Seoul, 03142, Republic of Korea

    Byoung Cheon Lee

Authors
  1. Yun Kyong Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. So Young Yoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Young Yoon Jang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Byoung Cheon Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dae Sung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Joong-Ki Kook
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joong-Ki Kook.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Dae Sung Lee is a co-register on patent (No. 1018793980000, Korea) entitled “Pharmaceutical composition for enhancing osteogenesis comprising garcinia mangostana extract and propolis extract” and on patent (Nos. US 10,022,412 B2 and JP 6387467 B2) entitled “Composition for preventing or alleviating periodontal diseases, containing, as active ingredients, mangosteen extract or α- or γ-mangosteen. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Fig. S1.

Flow chart for preparing the mangosteen extract used in this study. Supplementary Fig. S2. Certificate of the analysis of the composition of mangosteen extract used in this study. Supplementary Fig. S3. Schematic procedure for preparing the propolis extract used in this study. Supplementary Fig. S4. Certificate of analysis of the composition of the propolis extract used in this study. (PPTX 3771 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lim, Y.K., Yoo, S.Y., Jang, Y.Y. et al. Anti-inflammatory and in vitro bone formation effects of Garcinia mangostana L. and propolis extracts. Food Sci Biotechnol 29, 539–548 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00697-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00697-3

Keywords

  • Garcinia mangostana L.
  • Propolis
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • In vitro bone formation