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Cardiac involvement and cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric primary systemic vasculitides

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Abstract

Pediatric primary systemic vasculitides are a complex group of diseases. Vasculitis subgroups are mainly determined according to the size of the predominantly affected vessels. In patients with primary systemic vasculitis, the location of vascular involvement, the size of the vessels, the extent of vascular damage, and the underlying pathology determine the disease phenotype and severity. Cardiac involvement is rare in some pediatric vasculitis, such as IgA vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa, while it is more common in some others like Kawasaki disease and Takayasu arteritis. On the other hand, chronic inflammation in the setting of systemic vasculitis forms a major cardiovascular risk factor. Accelerated atherosclerosis and the tendency to thrombosis are the main issues determining the cardiovascular risks in pediatric systemic vasculitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in these patients to minimize morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aimed to raise physicians’ awareness of cardiac involvement and cardiovascular risks in pediatric patients with primary systemic vasculitis.

Key Points

• In children, cardiac involvement is less common in some vasculitides, such as IgAV/HSP vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa, while it is more common in Kawasaki disease and Takayasu arteritis.

• The cardiovascular risk factors are primarily caused by chronic inflammation in pediatric primary systemic vasculitides.

• Appropriate management of cardiac involvement and cardiovascular risk factors will improve cardiovascular outcomes in pediatric primary systemic vasculitides.

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  1. Seher Sener and Elif Arslanoglu Aydin contributed equally to this manuscript.

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  1. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

    Seher Sener & Ezgi Deniz Batu

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Elif Arslanoglu Aydin

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Sener, S., Arslanoglu Aydin, E. & Batu, E.D. Cardiac involvement and cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric primary systemic vasculitides. Clin Rheumatol 42, 673–686 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06434-2

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