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Simple metabolic markers associated with tophaceous gout

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Abstract

Introduction

The relationship between tophaceous gout and metabolic markers is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the correlations between different metabolic markers and tophi and evaluate their potential predictive values for tophus.

Method

We analysed the data of gout patients in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2013 to 2020. Ten laboratory indicators (UA, eGFR, underexcretion, GLU, TRIG, HDL-C, ALT, TBIL, γ-GT and UPH) were included to evaluate the relationship between tophaceous gout and metabolic markers.

Results

Tophi was present in 14.7% (119/808) of gout patients. UA, eGFR, ALT and γ-GT were independently related to the development of tophi; UA and γ-GT were positively correlated. The γ-GT/ALT ratio and UA/eGFR ratio showed a positive correlation with tophi, with (rho, P) of (0.305, < 0.001) and (0.195, < 0.001), respectively. The γ-GT/ALT ratio showed the best classificatory performance (AUC = 0.749, P < 0.001) for tophi among the four positive correlation indicators. With increasing integer γ-GT/ALT ratio, the incidence of tophi (4.9%, 9.7%, 22.3% and 38.4%, P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (2.5%, 5.2%, 12.3% and 19.2%, P < 0.001) and hyperuricemia over 10 years (6.6%, 10.7%, 18.5% and 26.4%, P < 0.001) showed a progressive increase. The γ-GT/ALT ratio was positively correlated with the number of tophi and duration of hyperuricemia, negatively correlated with eGFR.

Conclusions

UA, eGFR, γ-GT and ALT were independently associated with tophi. The γ-GT/ALT ratio may be used as a predictor or monitor of tophi.

Key Points

• We found that UA, eGFR, γ-GT and ALT were independently related to tophi among clinical commonly indicators.

• The γ-GT/ALT ratio performed best in the identification of tophaceous gout from gout.

• The incidence of tophi and chronic kidney disease and duration of hyperuricemia increased with γ-GT/ALT ratio.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31 Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China

    Wei Liu, Hui Song, Siliang Man, Hongchao Li & Siming Gao

Authors
  1. Wei Liu
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  2. Hui Song
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  3. Siliang Man
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  4. Hongchao Li
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Contributions

Wei Liu, Hui Song, Siliang Man, Hongchao Li and Siming Gao carried out the studies, participated in collecting data and drafted the manuscript. Wei Liu, Hui Song and Siliang Man performed the statistical analysis and participated in its design. Wei Liu, Hongchao Li and Siming Gao helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hui Song.

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This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (No. 202008–01).

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The informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.

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Cite this article

Liu, W., Song, H., Man, S. et al. Simple metabolic markers associated with tophaceous gout. Clin Rheumatol 40, 5047–5053 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05861-x

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