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IgG4-related disease and ANCA positive vasculitis in childhood: a case-based review

Clinical Rheumatology volume 40, pages 3817–3825 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 is an IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), characterized by inflammatory pseudotumors and histologically by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates rich in IgG4 positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. Although quite rare, IgG4-RD was found to be associated with medium or small vessel vasculitides. A new overlap syndrome between IgG4-RD and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) has recently been described in the adult population. Here we present a 16-year-old adolescent girl admitted with abdominal pain, episcleritis, palpable purpura, salivary gland enlargement, and bloody diarrhea. Laboratory investigations revealed findings of glomerulonephritis. Abdominal imaging surprisingly revealed a focal mass in the pancreatic tail, while the c-ANCA level was found to be quite high as well as serum IgG4 level. Biopsy of the pancreatic mass showed lymphoplasmacytic IgG4 positive cells infiltrating the pancreas with storiform fibrosis compatible with IgG4-related AIP. The renal biopsy that was done simultaneously showed necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis indicating AAV. Renal biopsy showed IgG4 positive plasma cells very rarely by immunohistochemical examination, which does not indicate any significance for IgG4-RD. Our diagnosis was IgG4-related AIP and AAV overlap syndrome, which has not been reported in the pediatric populations yet. IgG4-RD should be investigated in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis who shows atypical organ involvement. We searched the Pubmed/Medline and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of the patients with IgG4-related AIP and AAV.

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Data availability

Data are available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions. The data that support the findings of this report are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Informed consent from the patient and the parents were taken.

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Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Arzu Meltem Demir

  2. Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Fatma Aydin, Banu Acar & Tuba Kurt

  3. Department of Pathology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

    Aylar Poyraz

  4. Department of Pathology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey

    Saba Kiremitci

  5. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Basak Gülleroglu

  6. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Müjdem Nur Azili

  7. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Umut Selda Bayrakci

Authors
  1. Arzu Meltem Demir
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  2. Fatma Aydin
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  3. Banu Acar
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  4. Tuba Kurt
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  5. Aylar Poyraz
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  6. Saba Kiremitci
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  7. Basak Gülleroglu
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  8. Müjdem Nur Azili
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  9. Umut Selda Bayrakci
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All of the authors were involved in the design of the study, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and drafting of the work.

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Correspondence to Arzu Meltem Demir.

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Supplement Figure: Head and neck magnetic resonance imaging outline the enlargement of the right parotid gland (white star). (PNG 219 kb)

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Demir, A.M., Aydin, F., Acar, B. et al. IgG4-related disease and ANCA positive vasculitis in childhood: a case-based review. Clin Rheumatol 40, 3817–3825 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05635-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05635-5

Keywords

  • ANCA positive vasculitis
  • Autoimmune pancreatitis
  • Children
  • IgG4-related disease