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Lower education is an associated factor with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis?

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Abstract

Objectives

To analyze if socioeconomic characteristics as lower education and lower family income are associated factors with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 140 participants aged 40 years or older with KOA grades II and III. Based on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), four groups were identified: non-catastrophic/non-kinesiophobic (NC/NK), non-catastrophic/non-kinesiophobic (NC/K), catastrophic/non-kinesiophobic (C/NK), and catastrophic/kinesiophobic (C/K). Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The 30-s chair stand test was performed to access physical function. Sociodemographic characteristics included age, sex, years of formal education (0 to 11 and > 11), and family income (up to 2 minimum wages and > 2). Multinomial regression analysis adjusted for age, radiographic severity, physical function, and pain intensity was used to determine the association between lower education and lower family income with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia.

Results

Only lower education was independently associated with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia (OR = 3.96 CI 95% 1.01–15.51).

Conclusions

Lower education but not lower family income was an important associated factor with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Thus, physician and physical therapist must pay attention on this important socioeconomic characteristic while conducting the treatment, since specific strategies of approach could be necessary for those patients.

Key points

• Lower education is an important associated factor with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

• Physician and physical therapist must pay attention on patients schooling while conducting the treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for the financial support to the investigators of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís Rd, 235 km - SP-310, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Jessica Bianca Aily, Aline Castilho de Almeida, Paula C. Ramírez, Tiago da Silva Alexandre & Stela Marcia Mattiello

  2. School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Carrera 32 #, 29-31, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Paula C. Ramírez

  3. Gerontology Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís Rd, 235 km - SP-310, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Tiago da Silva Alexandre

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  1. Jessica Bianca Aily
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  4. Tiago da Silva Alexandre
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  5. Stela Marcia Mattiello
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Contributions

JBA, ACA, and SMM conceptualized the study design; JBA and ACA established the selection criteria; JBA conducted the evaluations; PCR and TSA conducted data analyses. All authors read and made comments on previous drafts of the manuscript, approved the final version of the manuscript, and agree with the order of presentation of the authors.

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Correspondence to Stela Marcia Mattiello.

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Aily, J.B., de Almeida, A.C., Ramírez, P.C. et al. Lower education is an associated factor with the combination of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in patients with knee osteoarthritis?. Clin Rheumatol 40, 2361–2367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05518-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05518-1

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