Self-reported sleep in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to assess sleep disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare these with a working sample and a treatment-seeking sample reporting insomnia. The primary sample was 172 people with SLE. This sample represented 32% of all members of two lupus support association. Two comparison samples were used: 223 adults who expressed interest in taking part in a psychological treatment for sleep problems and 456 Australian adults who were working at a large organization. All individuals completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; 6). Data derived from the PSQI included total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, as well as the global and seven component scores. The SLE sample reported significantly worse sleep on all parameters than the working sample, but significantly better sleep than the sample of those seeking treatment for sleep disorders, except for sleep onset latency. The percentages scoring >5 on the PSQI global score was 80.5% for SLE, 91.5% for those seeking treatment for sleep disorders, and 28.5% for the working sample. PSQI component scores for the SLE group more closely resembled those of the treatment-seeking group. Self-reported sleep in this sample of people with SLE was significantly better on most parameters than that of a group seeking treatment for sleep disorders. However, the values obtained tended to be worse than previous reports and indicated less than optimal sleep. However, the low response rate of the sample was of concern and may indicate that the sample was biased. The present results suggest that sleep disturbance is common in those with SLE and deserves more attention in a more representative sample.