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Action potential simulation (APS) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS): a controlled single subject experimental design

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Abstract

Objectives

Action potential simulation (APS) is becoming a popular method of pain reduction. Nevertheless, little is known about the efficacy of this relatively new treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether APS helps to reduce pain, improves patients’ perception of daily functioning and social participation in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Materials and methods

Ten patients with FMS according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria entered this double blind crossover single-case study. In a period of 20 weeks, the patients underwent two treatment periods of 4 weeks, one with verum and one with placebo, at random, in a double blind fashion. Outcome measures were evaluated on a weekly basis. Primary outcome measure was pain measured with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) questions 4 and 5, the number of tender points and the total tender point pain intensity score. Both visual inspection and statistical analysis were done to analyse the data from this single-subject design.

Results

Performing visual inspection and statistical analysis, no positive results of the APS treatment were found in this study. Remarkable is the fact that placebo APS had significantly better results than verum APS.

Conclusions

In this single-case study with ten patients (all female), APS was not a helpful method to reduce pain, to improve patients’ perception of daily functioning and social participation in patients with FMS.

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank R. Luigies from Medeusa B.V. for his cooperation in describing the study protocol, his financial and material support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, The Netherlands

    R. K. B. Fengler & N. L. U. van Meeteren

  2. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, The Netherlands

    J. W. G. Jacobs

  3. Family Phycisian, Leerdam, The Netherlands

    M. Bac

  4. Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, The Netherlands

    A. J. M. van Wijck

  5. Department of Physiotherapy Research, Academy of Health Sciences Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, The Netherlands

    N. L. U. van Meeteren

  6. University Medical Center Utrecht, Hp.nr. F00.810, Heidelberglaan, 100 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    R. K. B. Fengler

Authors
  1. R. K. B. Fengler
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  2. J. W. G. Jacobs
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  3. M. Bac
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  4. A. J. M. van Wijck
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  5. N. L. U. van Meeteren
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Correspondence to R. K. B. Fengler.

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Fengler, R.K.B., Jacobs, J.W.G., Bac, M. et al. Action potential simulation (APS) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS): a controlled single subject experimental design. Clin Rheumatol 26, 322–329 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-006-0297-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-006-0297-z

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