Abstract
The shear wave velocity (Vs) of the soil which is one of the most essential factors of soil dynamics is basically used to estimate the shear modulus. Moreover, bender elements are the most extensively used laboratory techniques to measure shear wave velocity in soils. The present study aims at analyzing how gasoline pollution affects shear wave velocity in sandy soils and also comparing shear wave velocities in clean and contaminated samples. In this sense, gasoline was employed as the pollutant. Furthermore, native soil from Ilam Province in western Iran, the clayey sand (SC), was used. The shear wave velocity of clean and contaminated gasoline samples was measured using the bender element technique (containing 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0 wt%) of gasoline, respectively. To precisely calculate the shear wave travel time in bender element testing, clean clayey sand (SC) samples were tested at a frequency of 2–20 kHz under a limiting pressure of 100–500 kPa. The shear wave velocity in contaminated samples was subsequently investigated using bender element testing. The findings of the present study revealed that limiting pressure increase enhances the shear wave velocity of gasoline-polluted clayey sand (SC) at all frequencies. In this research, 4.0 wt% gasoline is designated as a limit, in the sense that surpassing this figure can have detrimental effects on shear wave velocity. Increasing the gasoline concentration to 6.0 wt% would have a substantial impact on the interparticle condition of the clay sandblast, lowering the shear wave velocity considerably. Furthermore, adding)8.0–12.0 wt%( gasoline to clayey sand (SC) had little influence on the shear wave velocity. The influence of gasoline pollution on the microstructure of clayey sand (SC) was also examined in this research, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate West Oil and Gas Production Company (WOGPC) and the Iranian Soil Mechanics Industry (SMI), as well as the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, for their valuable support to conduct this research.
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Nosratian, A., Sharifipour, M., Lajevardi, S.H. et al. Laboratory description of shear wave velocity (Vs) in clean and hydrocarbon-polluted clayey sand (SC) samples. Bull Eng Geol Environ 82, 228 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03253-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03253-w