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Multi-approach for the assessment of rock slope stability using in-field and UAV investigations

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Abstract

The present study is aimed at analyzing the rockfall phenomena involving a carbonate rock scarp in San Donato di Ninea village (Calabria, south Italy), where some buildings and a portion of a road are exposed to a high hazard condition. The geomechanical investigations of the rock scarp were performed through a multi-approach based on in-field investigations, geophysical surveys, and high resolution of images acquired by a drone. The achieved data allowed to assess the quality of the rock mass and the susceptibility of rock slope to failure through the Rock Mass Rating and the Slope Mass Rating classifications, respectively. The obtained results showed slope conditions ranging between unstable and completely unstable. Geophysical surveys allowed to investigate the subsurface material and showed a high jointing rock mass in the shallower portion. In order to acquire the potential change in geomechanical features on the whole escarpment rock, high-resolution images were acquired by a drone. Thus, a 3D dense point cloud model was reconstructed in a setting of high accuracy based on 55 million of points with a density of 748.85 points for m2. The 3D model was imported into CloudCompare software to extract the geological planes through FACETS plugin, which allowed to recognize the jointing sets on the whole surface of rock escarpment. The digital data were compared with the ones collected by scanline method in order to verify their soundness, and further detailed digital investigations were carried out on human inaccessible areas to examine the corresponding fracturing degree.

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Acknowledgements

This research was carried out within the public funding (San Donato di Ninea Municipality, Administration Committee resolution n. 218 – September 25th 2020 –Resp. F. Filice) and the MIUR-ex 60% Project (Resp. F. Ietto). The authors are indebted to San Dontriggeato di Ninea Municipality that financially supported this research. The authors also wish to thank the editor and two reviewers for their very constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Antonino Ietto, who contributed strongly to a better geological understanding of the Calabria Arc.

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  1. National Research Council of Italy - Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection (CNR-IRPI), Via Amendola 122/I, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Francesco Filice & Piernicola Lollino

  2. Dipartimento Infrastrutture, Lavori Pubblici, Mobilità - Regione Calabria, 88100, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy

    Alessandra Pezzo

  3. ISPRA - Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144, Rome, Italy

    Michele Perrotti

  4. Dipartimento Di Biologia, Ecologia E Scienze Della Terra - Università Della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 15/B, 87036, Arcavacata Di Rende, Cosenza, Italy

    Fabio Ietto

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Filice, F., Pezzo, A., Lollino, P. et al. Multi-approach for the assessment of rock slope stability using in-field and UAV investigations. Bull Eng Geol Environ 81, 502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-03007-0

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