Abstract
One of the methods that is proved adequate and is still under study today is the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated materials by using bio-based agents such as sawdust. Despite the numerous studies on the remedial effect of sawdust on the soil, never have the engineering properties of sawdust-treated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils been investigated. Studying such properties is of great importance when it comes to construction over the treated grounds. In this study, the hydro-mechanical properties of a used motor oil (UMO)-contaminated soil treated by five different sawdust contents are evaluated through a complete set of experimental tests, namely standard compaction, direct shear, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and falling-head conductivity tests. Since the results of the tests showed a degradation in UCS as a result of sawdust treatment, four different percentages of fibers were added to the treated soil and the same tests were conducted again. The results show a positive influence of sawdust on the shear strength, a negative influence on the UCS, and a major reduction in water conductivity. Fiber-reinforced sawdust-treated mixtures display a better shear response, a higher UCS, and an increased conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images also prove the efficacy of sawdust treatment in soil remediation and improvement.
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Abbreviations
- UMO:
-
Used motor oil
- UCS:
-
Unconfined compressive strength (kPa)
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- PAHs:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- MDD:
-
Maximum dry density (Mgr/m3)
- OMC:
-
Optimum moisture content (%)
- LL:
-
Liquid limit (%)
- PL:
-
Plastic limit (%)
- SBM:
-
Sand-bentonite mixture
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- ST:
-
Sawdust-treated
- STFR:
-
Sawdust-treated fiber-reinforced
- CSB:
-
Clean sand bentonite
- \({\omega }_{SD}\) :
-
Hygroscopic water content of the sawdust (%)
- \({DR}_{SD}\) :
-
Dry sawdust ratio (%)
- \({W}_{DSD}\) :
-
Dry weight of sawdust (g)
- \({W}_{WSD}\) :
-
Weight of evaporated water in oven-dried sawdust (g)
- \({W}_{SW}\) :
-
Soil grains weight in the control sample (g)
- \({W}_{WSU1}\) :
-
Weight of the control mixture before oven-drying (g)
- \({UMO}_{C}\) :
-
The investigated UMO content (%)
- \({W}_{UW}\) :
-
Weight of UMO in the control mixture before oven-drying (g)
- \({W}_{RUW}\) :
-
Residual UMO weight in the control mixture after oven-drying (g)
- \({W}_{WSU2}\) :
-
Control mixture sample weight after oven-drying (g)
- \({W}_{EUW}\) :
-
Weight of the evaporated UMO in the control mixture sample after oven-drying (g)
- \({RR}_{UMO}\) :
-
Residual UMO ratio in the soil-UMO mixture (%)
- \({ER}_{UMO}\) :
-
Evaporated UMO ratio in the soil-UMO mixture (%)
- \({W}_{S}\) :
-
Weight of the soil particles in the sample (g)
- \({W}_{SUW2}\) :
-
Weight of the soil-UMO-water mixture after drying (g)
- \({W}_{RU}\) :
-
Weight of the residual UMO in the soil-UMO-water mixture after drying (g)
- \({W}_{EU}\) :
-
Weight of the evaporated UMO in the soil-UMO-water mixture after drying (g)
- \({W}_{C}\) :
-
Water content in the soil-UMO-water mixture (%)
- \({W}_{SUW1}\) :
-
Weight of the soil-UMO-water mixture prior to drying (g
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Narani, S.S., Bojnourdi, S., Abbaspour, M. et al. Engineering properties of used motor oil-contaminated soil treated by sawdust and fiber. Bull Eng Geol Environ 81, 120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02617-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02617-y