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Study on the frost heave mechanism of the water conveyance canal and optimized design of slope protection

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Abstract

Canals play a vital role in water supply, irrigation, flood control, electricity generation, and shipping. However, in seasonally frozen regions, canal slopes often suffer from damage as a result of frost heave. This research focused on the Hadashan Water Conservancy Hub, investigated the factors influencing frost heave through laboratory and field tests, and examined the effectiveness of three types of slope protection structures—insulation boards, concrete lining, and gravel. The results indicate that temperature and soil water content are important factors influencing frost heave. This research tested the effectiveness of an optimized concrete lining structure—articulated molded concrete—in protecting canal slopes against frost heave. This structure can protect the slope from frost damage, and has the ability to adjust to frost heave and thaw deformation. The results of the study will provide a reliable reference for the design of protection of canal slopes against frost heave in cold regions.

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Abbreviations

AMC:

Articulated molded concrete

PIB:

Polyurethane insulation boards

PCB:

Precast concrete blocks

MP:

Monitoring points

I f :

Freezing index (°C·d)

t :

Time (d)

T :

Temperature (°C)

T1 and T2 :

Freezing temperature thresholds (°C)

F :

Amount of frost heave (mm)

L :

Distance from the monitoring points to the shoulder of slope (m)

W :

Water replenishment thresholds (ml)

W 1 and  W 2 :

Water replenishment thresholds (ml)

w :

Water content (%)

w l :

Liquid limit water content (%)

w p :

Plastic limit water content (%)

ρ :

Density (g/cm3)

ρ d :

Dry density (g/cm3)

G s :

Specific gravity

I p :

Plastic index

k :

Permeability coefficient (cm/s)

a v :

Coefficient of compressibility (MPa − 1)

E s :

Modulus of compressibility (MPa)

C :

Cohesion (kPa)

φ :

Friction angle (°)

ϕ :

Diameter of nylon rope (mm)

η :

Freezing ratio

Δh :

Frost heave of the specimen (mm)

H f :

Freezing depth of the specimen (mm)

λ :

Thermal conductivity (W/m· °C)

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Acknowledgements

We thank Tina Tin, PhD, from Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (www.liwenbianji.cn/), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41972267 and 41572257).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China

    Hailiang Liu, Changming Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, Di Wu & Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan

  2. China Water Northeastern Investigation, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130061, China

    Donghe Ma

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  1. Hailiang Liu
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  2. Donghe Ma
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Correspondence to Changming Wang.

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Liu, H., Ma, D., Wang, C. et al. Study on the frost heave mechanism of the water conveyance canal and optimized design of slope protection. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 8397–8417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02447-4

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