Abstract
A series of SPT, CPT and SPS tests were performed for Jeju coastal sediments in order to investigate the possibility of detecting the cementation of granular sediments by in situ tests. Plotting the in situ test results into the Gmax/qc–qc1 and (Gmax/pa)/N60–(N1)60 relations suggested by Schnaid et al. (Proceedings of 1st international conference on site characterization, Balkema Pub, Rotterdam 2004) indicates that the Jeju calcareous sediments are cemented. It is also observed that the qc/N ratio of Jeju sediments is much higher than the (qc/pa)/N60–D50 relation suggested by Kulhawy and Mayne (Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design, EPRI, Ithaca 1990). It is suggested a relative density >100 % obtained using the qc–DR–σv′ relation suggested for uncemented sands indicates cementation of the in situ sediments. The Gmax/qc value of Jeju sediments was found to be 2–6 times larger than that of uncemented sands at the same normalized cone resistance. It is concluded that in situ penetration resistances are relatively insensitive to the cementation of granular soil while the deformation moduli are significantly affected by the cementation, and that the relative density and Gmax of cemented sediments can be seriously misjudged unless the effect of cementation on in situ penetration test results is considered.
Résumé
Une série de tests de pénétration SPT, CPT et SPS a été réalisée sur les sédiments côtiers calcaires de Jeju afin d’étudier la possibilité de détecter la cimentation de sédiments granulaires à partir d’essais in situ. Plaçant les résultats des essais dans un diagramme reliant Gmax/qc–qc1 et (Gmax/pa)/N60–(N1)60 proposé par Schnaid et al. (Proceedings of 1st international conference on site characterization, Balkema Pub, Rotterdam 2004), il apparaît que les sédiments de Jeju sont cimentés. On observe aussi que le rapport qc/N des sédiments de Jeju est beaucoup plus fort que (qc/pa)/N60–D50, relation proposée par Kulhawy et Mayne (Manual on estimating soil properties for foundation design, EPRI, Ithaca 1990). Il est proposé qu’une densité relative supérieure à 100 % obtenue en utilisant la relation qc–DR–σv′ pour des sables non cimentés, rende compte de la cimentation de sédiments en place. Le rapport Gmax/qc des sédiments de Jeju a été trouvé 2 à 6 fois supérieur à celui de sables non cimentés avec la même résistance au cône normalisée. On conclut que les résistances à la pénétration in situ sont relativement insensibles à la cimentation de sols granulaires. Par contre, les modules de déformation sont significativement affectés par la cimentation. De plus, la densité relative et le module Gmax de sédiments cimentés peuvent être sérieusement mal appréciés à moins que l’effet de la cimentation sur les résultats des tests de pénétration in situ ne soit considéré.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (2011-0017185) funded by the Korea government (MEST).
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Lee, MJ., Hong, SJ., Kim, R. et al. Evaluation of cementation of Jeju coastal sediments using in situ tests. Bull Eng Geol Environ 71, 511–518 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-012-0425-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-012-0425-8