Abstract
A series of cone penetration and bender element tests were performed on sands artificially cemented with gypsum in a calibration chamber to investigate the effect of cementation on the cone tip resistance (q c) and small strain shear modulus (G max) of sand. It was found that both the q c and G max of cemented sand are significantly affected by the degree of cementation while the effects of stress and density are reduced due to the cementation bonds. As the degree of cementation increases, the relationship between the \( q_{{\text{c}}} {-}D_{{\text{R}}} {-}\sigma _{{\text{v}}}^{\prime } \) of cemented sand is observed to be similar to that of quartz sand with low compressibility. As the density and stress level affect q c more significantly than G max, the G max/q c of cemented sand decreases with increasing q c. However, as the cementation causes a larger increase in G max than q c, the G max/q c ratio of cemented sand increases as the gypsum content increases. It was also observed from the \( G_{{\max }} /q_{{\text{c}}} - (q_{{\text{c}}} /p_{{\text{a}}} )(p_{{\text{a}}} /\sigma _{{\text{v}}}^{\prime } )^{{0.5}} \) relation that the G max/q c ratio of cemented sand locates above the upper bound suggested by previous studies.
Résumé
Une série de tests de pénétration au cône et de flexion a été réalisée dans une chambre de calibration sur des sables artificiellement cimentés par du gypse afin d’étudier les effets de la cimentation sur la résistance de pointe (q c) et le module de cisaillement en faibles déformations (G max). Il a été trouvé que les deux paramètres q c et G max sont significativement affectés par le degré de cimentation tandis que les effets de contrainte et de densité sont réduits du fait des liens de cimentation. Alors que le degré de cimentation augmente, la relation entre \( q_{{\text{c}}} {-}D_{{\text{R}}} {-}\sigma _{{\text{v}}}^{\prime } \) de sables cimentés apparaît semblable à celle de sables quartzeux de faible compressibilité. Alors que la densité et le niveau de contrainte affectent q c plus significativement que G max, le rapport G max/q c de sables cimentés décroît avec l’augmentation de q c. Cependant, alors que la cimentation entraîne une plus forte augmentation de G max que de q c, le rapport G max/q c de sables cimentés augmente avec l’augmentation de la teneur en gypse. Il a été aussi observé à partir de la relation \( G_{{\max }} /q_{{\text{c}}} - (q_{{\text{c}}} /p_{{\text{a}}} )(p_{{\text{a}}} /\sigma _{{\text{v}}}^{\prime } )^{{0.5}} \) que le rapport G max/q c de sables cimentés est supérieur à une limite suggérée par de précédentes études.
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This study is supported by the Construction Core Technology Program (C104A1000009-06A0200-00800) under the KICTEP grant.
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Lee, MJ., Choo, H., Kim, J. et al. Effect of artificial cementation on cone tip resistance and small strain shear modulus of sand. Bull Eng Geol Environ 70, 193–201 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0312-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0312-0