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Effect of precipitation on the geological development of badlands in arid regions

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Abstract

The main objective of this paper was to study the effect of precipitation on the geological development of badlands in arid regions. Field observations and laboratory investigations were carried out to characterize the surface soils of the Avonlea badlands in southern Saskatchewan, Canada, which is currently experiencing a rapid development in infrastructure. Three distinct surface sediments were identified: an upper slope of cemented sandstone, a mid-slope on weathered mudrock and a relatively flat basal pediment. Each of these soils reacts differently to rainfall events. Precipitation results in grain size reduction which, together with the consistency limits, explains the water sensitivity of the soils; the fines increased by 16% in the cemented sandstone, 78% in the weathered mudrock and 33% in the basal pediment. Erosion susceptibility was highest in the basal pediment (2% clays) followed by cemented sandstone (cementation by 6% active clays) and then by weathered mudrock (cohesion due to the 40% clay).

Résumé

Le principal objectif de cet article a été d’étudier les effets des précipitations sur le développement du ravinement et la formation des badlands dans les régions de climat aride. Des observations de terrain et des travaux de laboratoire ont été réalisés afin de caractériser les sols superficiels des badlands d’Avonlea, dans le sud-ouest du Saskatchewan au Canada, région qui connaît actuellement un important développement d’infrastructures. Trois différents matériaux de surface ont été identifiés : un grès cimenté de haut de pente, une argilite de milieu de pente et un dépôt de pédiment de bas de pente. Chacun de ces sols réagit différemment aux événements pluviométriques. Les précipitations ont pour conséquence une diminution de la taille des particules, ce qui, avec les indices de consistance, explique la sensibilité des sols à l’eau. Les particules fines augmentent de 16% dans les grès cimentés, de 78% dans les argilites altérées et de 33% dans les sédiments de pédiment. La sensibilité à l’érosion était plus élevée dans les sédiments de pédiment (avec 2% d’argiles) suivis par les grès cimentés (cimentés par 6% d’argiles actives) puis par les argilites altérées (présentant une cohésion du fait d’un pourcentage de 40% d’argiles).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Advanced Education and Employment. Thanks to the University of Regina for providing laboratory space and computing facilities. The help of Dr. Ulrike Hardenbicker during site visits is highly appreciated.

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Correspondence to Shahid Azam.

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Imumorin, P., Azam, S. Effect of precipitation on the geological development of badlands in arid regions. Bull Eng Geol Environ 70, 223–229 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0300-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0300-4

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