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Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of Incesu-Dokuzpınar Springs in Kayseri, Turkey

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Abstract

Industrial and agricultural activities have directly or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3, N2, Cl, SO4, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb and Zn, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants like NO3, it is recommended that a combination of hydrochemical and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. The water type of İncesu-Dokuzpınar Springs is mainly Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–HCO3. Note that the water types of the Springs were directly related to the hydrogeochemical properties of outcrops at the study area. Thus, the high concentration of Ca+2 and HCO3 is mainly related to the high CO2 contents in the marbles, whereas the high Na concentration arises from the existing syenite, volcanic ash, basalt and clay units, although the İncesu-Dokuzpınar Springs cover most of the drinking and irrigation water demands at the study area. Therefore, relevant hydrogeochemical and statistical studies were carried out for estimating the mentioned environmental impacts on the water quality of İncesu-Dokuzpınar Springs.

Résumé

Les activités industrielles et agricoles ont directement ou indirectement affecté les concentrations dans les eaux souterraines d’un grand nombre d’éléments chimiques inorganiques, par exemple NO3, N2, Cl, SO4, H+, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, B, Pb et Zn, de même que celles d’une large variété de pesticides et autres composés organiques. Pour des contaminants réactifs comme le NO3, on préconise de mener une combinaison d’approches analytiques hydrochimiques et par traceur environnemental pour résoudre le problème de la modification des altérations évoquées ci-dessus en tant que cause de gradients de concentration dans les eaux souterraines.

Le type d’eau des sources d’Incesu-Dokuzpinar est principalement Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–HCO3. Il faut remarquer que les types d’eau des sources sont en relation directe avec les caractéristiques hydrogéochimiques des affleurements de la région étudiée. Ainsi, les concentrations élevées en Ca++ et HCO3 sont principalement reliées aux forts contenus en CO2 des marbres, tandis que la concentration élevée en Na+ provient des formations de syénites, cendres volcaniques, basaltes et argiles. Malgré cela, les sources d’Incesu-Dokuzpinar couvrent la majeure partie de la demande en eau potable et d’irrigation de la région étudiée. Pour cette raison, on a réalisé des études hydrogéochimiques et statistiques afin d’évaluer les impacts environnementaux évoqués ci-dessus sur la qualité de l’eau des sources d’Incesu-Dokuzpinar.

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Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks to the funding group of the project that was provided by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK).

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Correspondence to H. Elhatip.

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Elhatip, H., Afşin, M., Kuşçu, I. et al. Estimation of environmental impacts on the water quality of Incesu-Dokuzpınar Springs in Kayseri, Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Environ 63, 255–260 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-004-0236-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-004-0236-7

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