Skip to main content
Log in

Antibiotic prophylaxis regimes for simple hand lacerations

A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Prophylaktische Antibiotika-Regime bei einfachen Lazerationen der Hand

Eine randomisierte doppelblinde klinische Studie

  • Originalien
  • Published:
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

The present study aimed to compare oral antibiotic prophylaxis, topical antibiotic prophylaxis, and simple wound care in uncomplicated minor hand lacerations.

Methods

A prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with simple hand lacerations. The patients were allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive oral 500 mg cephalexin monohydrate, topical pomade including 2% mupirocin, or wound cleaning with antiseptic, and dressing only in a blinded fashion. Patients included in the study were called to return for control visits 1 week after their admission to the ED. The primary outcome measure of the study was the presence of infection.

Results

Infection was observed in only 7 patients (2.4%) in the follow-up period. None of the prophylaxis methods was superior with respect to infection development (p = 0.87). Mean patient satisfaction rates in the three treatment groups were similar; no statistical difference was observed (p = 0.41).

Conclusion

Infection rates were found to be similar among the infection prophylaxis groups with systemic and topical antibiotics and the standard wound care group with no prophylaxis. The use of topical and systemic antibiotics were not superior to standard wound care.

Zusammenfassung

Ziele

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die orale Antibiotikaprophylaxe mit der topischen Antibiotikaprophylaxe und der einfachen Wundversorgung bei unkomplizierten kleineren Lazerationen der Hand zu vergleichen.

Methoden

Eine prospektive randomisierte doppelblinde klinische Singlezenterstudie wurde bei Patienten, die sich mit einer einfachen Lazeration der Hand in der Notfallambulanz vorstellten, durchgeführt. Die Patienten wurden im Verhältnis 1:1:1 in Gruppen eingeteilt, die jeweils oral 500 mg Cefalexinmonohydrat, topische Salbe inkl. 2 % Mupirocin oder eine Wundreinigung mit einem Antiseptikum und ausschließlich einem Verband in verblindeter Form erhielten. Die in die Studie eingeschlossenen Patienten wurde abwechselnd zu Kontrollbesuchen 1 Woche nach ihrer Aufnahme in der Notfallambulanz eingeladen. Das primäre Endziel der Studie war das Vorliegen einer Infektion.

Ergebnisse

Eine Infektion wurde im Follow-up-Zeitraum nur bei 7 Patienten beobachtet (2,4 %). Keine der Prophylaxeverfahren war hinsichtlich der Entwicklung einer Infektion überlegen (p = 0,87). Die mittleren Patientenzufriedenheitsraten in den drei Behandlungsgruppen waren ähnlich; es wurde kein statistischer Unterschied festgestellt (p = 0,41).

Schlussfolgerung

Die Infektionsraten waren in den Gruppen mit systemischer und topischer Antibiotikaprophylaxe sowie in der Standardwundversorgungsgruppe ohne Prophylaxe ähnlich. Die Anwendung topischer und systemischer Antibiotika war der Standardwundversorgung nicht überlegen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Waseem M, Lakdawala V, Patel R, Kapoor R, Leber M, Sun X (2012) Is there a relationship between wound infections and laceration closure times? Int J Emerg Med 5(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1865-1380-5-32

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Roodsari GS, Zahedi F, Zehtabchi S (2015) The risk of wound infection after simple hand laceration. World J Emerg Med 6(1):44–47. https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.008

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Berwald N, Khan F, Zehtabchi S (2014) Antibiotic prophylaxis for ED patients with simple hand lacerations: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Am J Emerg Med 32(7):768–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.043

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zehtabchi S, Yadav K, Brothers E, Khan F, Singh S, Wilcoxson RD, Malhotra S (2012) Prophylactic antibiotics for simple hand lacerations: time for a clinical trial? Injury 43(9):1497–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.05.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Al-Nammari SS, Reid AJ (2007) Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated in uncomplicated hand lacerations. Emerg Med J 24(3):218 (Review)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Whittaker JP, Nancarrow JD, Sterne GDJ (2005) The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean incised hand injuries: a prospective randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. J Hand Surg Br 30(2):162–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Quinn JV, Polevoi SK, Kohn MA (2014) Traumatic lacerations: what are the risks for infection and has the ‘golden period’ of laceration caredisappeared? Emerg Med J 31(2):96–100. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2012-202143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG (2010) CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 340(23):c869. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c869

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Hollander JE, Singer AJ, Valentine SM, Shofer SF (2001) Risk factors for infection in patients with traumatic lacerations. Acad Med 8:716–720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Adams MD, James G (2013) Emergency medicine: clinical essentials. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 789

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zehtabchi S (2007) The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infection in patients with simple hand lacerations. Ann Emerg Med 49:682–689

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Grossman JA, Adams JP, Kunec J (1981) Prophylactic antibiotics in simple hand lacerations. JAMA 245:1055–1056

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Roberts AH, Teddy PJ (1977) A prospective trial of phrophylactic antibiotics in hand lacerations. Br J Surg 64:393–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lammers RL, Hudson DL, Seaman ME (2003) Prediction of traumatic wound infection with a neural network-derived decision model. Am J Emerg Med 21:1–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Caro D, Reynolds KW (1967) An investigation to evaluate a topical antibiotic in the prevention of wound sepsis in a casualty department. Br J Clin Pract 21:605–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dire DJ, Coppola M, Dwyer DA et al (1995) Prospective evaluation of topical antibiotics for preventing infections in uncomplicated soft-tissue wounds repaired in the ED. Acad Emerg Med 2:4–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. C. Halhalli M.D..

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

H.C. Halhalli, Y. Yigit, O. Karakayali and S. Yilmaz declare that they have no competing interests.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Halhalli, H.C., Yigit, Y., Karakayali, O. et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis regimes for simple hand lacerations. Notfall Rettungsmed 21, 303–307 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-017-0350-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-017-0350-2

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation