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Schusswaffen- und Explosionsverletzungen der Gefäße

Präklinische Versorgung von traumatischen Gefäßverletzungen

Vascular injuries from firearms and explosive devices

Preclinical care of vascular trauma

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Zusammenfassung

Festnahmen von potenziellen Attentätern in Deutschland in den letzten Monaten legen die Vermutung nahe, dass Terroranschläge wie in Paris (2015) und Brüssel (2016) unter Einsatz von Schusswaffen und Explosivstoffen zu befürchten sind. Dies sind Situationen, in denen die individualmedizinischen Behandlungsansätze den Grundsätzen der Versorgung eines Massenfalls von Verletzten weichen. Neuere Untersuchungen der Versorgung von gefäßverletzten polytraumatisierten Patienten zeigen jedoch auch, dass selbst unter individualmedizinischen Aspekten die Schwere des Gefäßtraumas und damit die mit gängigen Trauma-Scoring-Systemen erwartete Prognose unterschätzt wird. Die im Sommer 2016 erschienene S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma-/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung der federführenden Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie widmet sich durch Modifikation geltender Empfehlungen und Aufnahme von neuen Erkenntnissen in großen Teilen der Versorgung von kritischen Blutungen. Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem durch Einsatz von Schusswaffen und Explosivstoffen gefäßtraumatisierten Patienten. Neben dem Pathomechanismus von Schusswaffen- und Explosionsverletzungen der Gefäße werden präklinische Behandlungsoptionen auf Basis der S3-Leitlinie vermittelt.

Abstract

The arrest of several potential assassins in Germany in recent months leads to the assumption that terror attacks with firearms and explosive devices like those that happened in Paris (2015) and Brussels (2016) could also take place in German cities. In such situations, the treatment fundamentals for mass casualty incidents take priority over the well-known fundamentals of individual medical treatment approaches. However, new research results emphasize that even under optimal treatment circumstances the outcome of vascular traumatized patients is underestimated when the mortality rate is calculated using established trauma score systems. The 2016 revised S3 clinical guideline Polytrauma-/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (Polytrauma/severe injury treatment from the German Trauma Society) addresses the modification of known and new inclusion of recommendations for the treatment of critical bleeding. The following article focusses on vascular traumatized patients with gunshot wounds and injuries from explosive devices. The new recommendations for preclinical critical bleeding treatment is highlighted based on the S3 guidelines.

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Correspondence to D. Hinck.

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D. Hinck, U. Unkelbach und E. S. Debus geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindung mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt wurde oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen. Die Präsentation des Themas ist unabhängig und die Darstellung des Inhalts produktneutral.

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Hinck, D., Unkelbach, U. & Debus, E.S. Schusswaffen- und Explosionsverletzungen der Gefäße. Notfall Rettungsmed 20, 332–344 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-017-0294-6

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