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Therapieoptionen bei Vernesselungen durch Quallen an deutschen Küstengewässern

Treatment options after jellyfish sting in German coastal waters

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Vernesselungen durch Quallen gehören zu den häufigsten Verletzungen von Urlaubern an deutschen Küsten und führen regelmäßig zu Konsultationen des regionalen Wasserrettungsdienstes.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll darlegen, für welche Therapieoptionen bei Vernesselungen eine wissenschaftliche Evidenz vorliegt.

Methode

Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche in der medizinischen Datenbank „Pubmed“ zu den Stichworten „jellyfish treatment“, „Rasierschaum“, „shaving foam“ und „shaving lather“ durchgeführt. Anhand der Literaturverzeichnisse der gefundenen Veröffentlichungen wurden weitere Literaturstellen ausfindig gemacht und in die Auswertung mit einbezogen. Für die daraus resultierenden Empfehlungen werden die Evidenzgrade und Empfehlungsgrade entsprechend der Evidenzklassifizierung des CEBM angegeben.

Ergebnisse

Es konnte experimentell gezeigt werden, dass die Beschwerden von Vernesselungen durch Cyanea capillata durch das Aufbringen von Essig verstärkt werden. Wärme oder Kälte führen zu einer Linderung der Beschwerden. Für die meisten anderen gängigen Behandlungsmethoden liegt keine ausreichende wissenschaftliche Evidenz vor.

Diskussion

Nach einer Vernesselung durch Quallen soll das Gewässer verlassen werden. Sichtbare Quallengewebereste müssen mechanisch entfernt werden. Die Vernesselung kann mit lokaler Wärme- oder Kälteapplikation, Rasierschaum, Antihistaminika oder Kortison behandelt werden, nicht jedoch mit Essig. Ein unzureichender Tetanusschutz sollte aufgefrischt werden. Eine Hämolyse kann durch die Applikation von Kalziumkanalblockern oder Antioxidantien behandelt werden.

Abstract

Introduction

Jellyfish stings are common injuries for tourists visiting the German coasts and regularly require consultations from the regional lifeguard service.

Objectives

This review aims to summarize the evidence for the various therapeutic options for treating jellyfish stings.

Method

We performed a selective literature research in the medical database PubMed with the search terms „jellyfish treatment“,„Rasierschaum“, „shaving foam“ and „shaving lather“. Based on the reference lists, additional references were identified and included. The recommendations of this review are classified by levels of evidence and grades of recommendation according to the CEBM classification of evidence.

Results

Experimental studies show that the complaints after jellyfish stings from Cyanea capillata can be strengthened by the application of vinegar. Warmth or cold are able to relieve the symptoms. For most other common treatment methods, no strong scientific evidence is available.

Discussion

After a jellyfish sting, one should leave the water and visible remains of jellyfish tissue should be removed mechanically. The jellyfish sting can be treated with local application of warmth or cold, shaving foam, antihistamines or cortisone. Vinegar should not be used. An expired tetanus vaccination should be refreshed. Haemolysis can be treated by application of calcium channel blockers or antioxidants.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Großenbaumer Allee 250, 47249, Duisburg, Deutschland

    F. R. Hoffmann, G. Kappertz & T. Ohmann

  2. Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE), Marine Zoology, University of Bremen, 330440, 28334, Bremen, Deutschland

    S. Jungblut

  3. Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Functional Ecology, 120161, 27570, Bremerhaven, Deutschland

    S. Jungblut

  4. Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Deutschland

    S. Holst

  5. Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland

    P. Berlitz

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  1. F. R. Hoffmann
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Correspondence to F. R. Hoffmann.

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Interessenkonflikt

F.R. Hoffmann, S. Jungblut, S. Holst, G. Kappertz, P. Berlitz und T. Ohmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Hoffmann, F.R., Jungblut, S., Holst, S. et al. Therapieoptionen bei Vernesselungen durch Quallen an deutschen Küstengewässern. Notfall Rettungsmed 20, 403–409 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-016-0227-9

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