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Transiente globale Amnesie (TGA)

Ein Überblick

Transient global amnesia (TGA)

An overview

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Eine transiente globale Amnesie (TGA) ist definiert als akut einsetzende Gedächtnisstörung, die maximal 24 h andauert und eine gute Prognose hat. Fokal-neurologische Symptome fehlen darüber hinaus.

Pathophysiologie und Diagnose

Die Pathophysiologie ist multifaktoriell. Die Diagnose kann rein klinisch gestellt werden. Zur Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen Erkrankungen (Epilepsie, Ischämie, Hirnblutung, Enzephalitis, Hypoglykämie) ist bei Unsicherheit jedoch auch eine apparative Diagnostik mittels EEG und MRT, aber auch eine Liquoruntersuchung sinnvoll. Potenziell dargestellte Diffusionsstörungen im Hippocampus sind reversibel.

Auslöser

Häufig gehen einer TGA bestimmte prädisponierende Situationen wie Schwimmen im kalten Wasser oder körperliche Anstrengung voraus. Eine Assoziation mit Migräne ist auch beschreiben.

Therapie

Kausale Therapien sind nicht bekannt.

Abstract

Background

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is defined as an acute dysfunction of memory which lasts for no more than 24 h and has a good prognosis. There are by definition no focal neurological symptoms other than the amnesic episode.

Pathophysiology and diagnosis

Pathophysiology is multifactorial. The diagnosis can be made clinically but additional diagnostic tools might be necessary for differential diagnosis (e.g. epilepsy, ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalitis and hypoglycemia) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid can be considered. Patients with TGA may show diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in the hippocampus which are reversible.

Predisposing factors

In many cases, predisposing factors can be observed such as swimming in cold water, exercise and emotional stress and migraine is also sometimes associated with TGA.

Therapy

So far no causal therapy has been found.

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Einhaltung der ethischen Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. R. Kollmar gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Kollmar, R. Transiente globale Amnesie (TGA). Notfall Rettungsmed 16, 438–441 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-013-1706-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-013-1706-x

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