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Volumenreanimation

Volume resuscitation

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Zusammenfassung

Infusionslösungen sind bedeutende Instrumente in der Hand von Notärzten und Intensivmedizinern. Trotzdem werden sie speziell in der Notfallsituation oft nicht als Medikamente mit Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen behandelt, also mit genauen therapeutischen Zielvorstellungen gewissenhaft indiziert und exakt dosiert, sondern dem Kreislauf eher pauschal und im Zweifel im Überschuss angeboten. Dies muss nicht von Vorteil für das Gesamt-Outcome des Patienten sein, wenngleich makrohämodynamische Kennzahlen unter diesem etablierten Vorgehen während der präklinischen Reanimationsphase kurzfristig größere Stabilität suggerieren. Potenziell negative Folgen wirken sich erst im weiteren klinischen Verlauf und damit außerhalb des notärztlichen Blickfeldes aus. Dieser Interessenkonflikt führt immer wieder zu nur wenig zielorientierten Diskussionen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Präklinik und Klinik.

Moderne Infusionsmaßnahmen sollten nicht isoliert betrachtet werden, sondern im Gesamtkontext einer Kreislauftherapie, die physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Grundsätzen ebenso gerecht wird wie der individuellen Situation des Patienten. Dies erfordert vom Notarzt genaue Kenntnisse der Physiologie von Kompartimenten und Barrieren im menschlichen Organismus. Zudem ist hohe Flexibilität und ein zeitgemäßes Repertoire zu fordern, das Flüssigkeit von Volumen unterscheidet und die Anwendung von Vasopressoren und Inotropika beinhaltet.

Abstract

Infusion solutions are important and potent therapeutic agents in the hands of emergency or intensive care physicians. Nevertheless, especially in emergency situations they are often not treated as drugs with effects and side effects and therefore diligently indicated with exact therapeutical objectives, but globally and in doubt superfluously ”offered” to the circulation. This must not be an advantage for the overall patient outcome, albeit macrohaemodynamic parameters suggest a higher short-term stability under this established procedure. Potential negative effects, however, develop first during hospitalization and, therefore, outside the focus of the emergency physician. This conflict of interest frequently causes non-purposeful discussions at the interface between the preclinical and clinical phases.

Modern infusion therapies cannot be viewed in isolation but rather as a complete therapeutic concept for the circulation which must meet the requirements of physiological and pathophysiological basic principles, as well as the individual situation of the patient. This necessitates exact knowledge of fluid compartments and barriers within the human organism by the emergency physician. Moreover, high flexibility and an up-to-date repertoire of procedures which differentiate between fluid and volume are needed, including the use of vasopressors and inotropics.

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Interessenkonflikt

Referententätigkeit für B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg; Drittmittel und Referententätigkeit: Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg.

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Jacob, M., Chappell, D. Volumenreanimation. Notfall Rettungsmed 13, 287–293 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-010-1284-0

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