Preliminary study of a new type of energy transmission system for artificial hearts

Abstract

 A transcutaneous energy transmission (TET) system is the most common way to power artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices. However, an external battery used with a TET system poses several problems, such as its heavy mass, small charge capacity, and long recharging time. The battery is indispensable when patients want to be ambulatory. This article proposes a new type of TET system that does not require an external battery because electrical energy is supplied remotely by using electromagnetic waves. For this system to operate, multiple transmitting antennas have to be mounted in a room or facility that has been shielded from electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna is attached to the patient. Electromagnetic waves transmit electrical power from the transmitting antennas to the receiving antenna. The received electrical power is sent to an implanted device through the TET system. The total power efficiency was plotted against the transmitter–receiver distance by measuring the power that was input to the transmitting antennas, and the final direct current (DC) power that was received by the receiving antenna. A 430-MHz frequency was applied in the experiments. The obtained efficiency was around 10% within a transmitter–receiver distance of 1 m when Yagi-Uda antennas were used for the transmitting antennas and two other types of antenna were used for the receiving antennas: a folded dipole with a reflector and a single loop with a reflector. The results suggested that the proposed system is worth considering. The proposed system would go a long way toward enhancing the patient's quality of life compared with the currently used conventional TET system.