Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluating visibility of age spot and freckle based on simulated spectral reflectance distribution and facial color image

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Optical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this research, we evaluate the visibility of age spot and freckle with changing the blood volume based on simulated spectral reflectance distribution and the actual facial color images, and compare these results. First, we generate three types of spatial distribution of age spot and freckle in patch-like images based on the simulated spectral reflectance. The spectral reflectance is simulated using Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in multi-layered tissue. Next, we reconstruct the facial color image with changing the blood volume. We acquire the concentration distribution of melanin, hemoglobin and shading components by applying the independent component analysis on a facial color image. We reproduce images using the obtained melanin and shading concentration and the changed hemoglobin concentration. Finally, we evaluate the visibility of pigmentations using simulated spectral reflectance distribution and facial color images. In the result of simulated spectral reflectance distribution, we found that the visibility became lower as the blood volume increases. However, we can see that a specific blood volume reduces the visibility of the actual pigmentations from the result of the facial color images.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang, L., Jacques, S.L.: Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues in standard C. University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (1992)

  2. Tsumura, N., Ojima, N., Sato, K., et al.: Image-based skin color and texture analysis/synthesis by extracting hemoglobin and melanin information if the skin. ACM Trans. Gr. 22(3), 770–779 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Krishnaswamy, A., Baranoski, G.V.G.: A biophysically-based spectral model of light interaction with human skin. Eurographics 23(3), 331–340 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Tsumura, N., Kawabuchi, M., Haneishi, H., Miyake, Y.: Mapping pigmentation in human skin from multi-channel visible spectrum image by inverse optical scattering technique. J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 45(5), 444–450 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Donner, C., Jensen, H.W.: A spectral BSSRDF for shading human skin. In: EGSR '06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics Conference on Rendering Techniques, Nicosia, Cyprus, 26–28 June 2006. doi:10.2312/EGWR/EGSR06/409-417

  6. Oregon Medical Laser Center. (1999). http://omlc.org/spectra/hemoglobin/index.html. Accessed 22 Oct 2017

  7. Jacques, S.L.: Skin optics. Organ Medical Center News. (1998). http://omlc.ogi.edu/news/jan98/skinoptics.html. Accessed 22 Oct 2017

  8. Vahlquist, A., et al.: Vitamin A in human skin: II concentrations of carotene, retinol and dehydroretinol in various components of normal skin. J. Investig. Dermatol. 79(2), 94–97 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hunt, R.W.G., Pointer, M.R.: Measuring colour, 4th edn. Wiley (2011). doi:10.1002/9781119975595

  10. Colour Matching Functions. http://cvrl.ioo.ucl.ac.uk/cmfs.htm. Accessed 10 Oct 2017

  11. Ojima, N., Minami, T., Kawai, M.: Transmittance measurement of cosmetic layer applied on skin by using processing. In: Proceeding of the 3rd scientific conference of the Asian societies of cosmetic scientists, vol. 114 (1997)

  12. Toyota, S., Fujiwara, I., Hirose, M., Ojima, N., Ogawa-Ochiai, K., Tsumura, N.: Principal component analysis for the whole facial image with pigmentation separation and application to the prediction of facial images at various ages. J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 58(2), 020503-1–020503-11 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tatsuzawa, Y., Hirose, M., Ojima, N., Ogawa-Ochiai, K., Tsumura, N.: Analyzing the individual relationship between habit of UV protection and melanin pigmentation based on the change of facial images for 7 years. In: Color and imaging conference, Darmstadt, Germany, proceedings, pp 24–28 (2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is partly supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (24560040).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

    Misa Hirose, Saori Toyota & Norimichi Tsumura

Authors
  1. Misa Hirose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saori Toyota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Norimichi Tsumura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Misa Hirose.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hirose, M., Toyota, S. & Tsumura, N. Evaluating visibility of age spot and freckle based on simulated spectral reflectance distribution and facial color image. Opt Rev 25, 1–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-017-0368-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-017-0368-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation