Abstract
The temperature, the heat flux, and the temperature gradient in an InGaAs system vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser are numerical studied by the use of the finite element method, and the analysis is focused on the maximum temperature rise in the active region under various conditions. The effect of substrate thickness on the peak gain of quantum wells, the influence of pump spot radius on the maximum output power, and the spontaneous emission wavelength under different pump power are examined respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Giesen: Proc. SPIE 5620 (2004) 112.
A. Giesen and J. Speiser: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13 (2007) 598.
M. Kuznetsov, F. Hakimi, R. Sprague, and A. Mooradian: IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 9 (1997) 1063.
S. Lutgen, T. Albrecht, P. Brick, W. Reill, J. Luft, and W. Spath: Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 3620.
F. Li, M. Fallahi, J. T. Murray, R. Bedford, Y. Kaneda, A. R. Zakharian, J. Hader, J. V. Moloney, W. Stolz, and S. W. Koch: Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) 021105.
A. C. Tropper and S. Hoogland: Prog. Quantum Electron. 30 (2006) 1.
T. D. Raymond, W. J. Alford, M. H. Crawford, and A. A. Allerman: Opt. Lett. 24 (1999) 1127.
S. Hoogland, S. Dhanjal, A. C. Tropper, J. S. Roberts, R. Häring, R. Paschotta, F. Morier-Genoud, and U. Keller: IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 12 (2000) 1135.
R. H. Abram, K. S. Gardner, E. Riis, and A. I. Ferguson: Opt. Express 12 (2004) 5434.
B. Rudin, A. Rutz, M. Hoffmann, D. J. H. C. Maas, A. R. Bellancourt, E. Gini, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller: Opt. Lett. 33 (2008) 2719.
L. E. Hunziker, Q. Z. Shu, D. Bauer, C. Ihli, G. J. Mahnke, M. Rebut, J. R. Chilla, A. L. Caprara, H. Zhou, E. S. Weiss, and M. K. Reed: Proc. SPIE 6451 (2007) 64510A.
J. Chilla, Q. Z. Shu, H. Zhou, E. Weiss, M. Reed, and L. Spinelli: Proc. SPIE 6451 (2007) 645109.
P. Zhang, Y. Song, J. Tian, X. Zhang, and Z. Zhang: J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 053103.
S. W. Corzine, R. S. Geels, J. W. Scott, R. H. Yan, and L. A. Coldren: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25 (1989) 1513.
J. Hader, J. V. Moloney, and S. W. Koch: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41 (2005) 1217.
M. Kuznetsov, F. Hakimi, R. Sprague, and A. Mooradian: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 5 (1999) 561.
W. J. Alford, T. D. Raymond, and A. A. Allerman: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19 (2002) 663.
Z. L. Liau: Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 651.
A. J. Kemp, G. J. Valentine, J. M. Hopkins, J. E. Hastie, S. A. Smith, S. Calvez, M. D. Dawson, and D. Burns: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41 (2005) 148.
A. J. Kemp, J. M. Hopkins, A. J. Maclean, N. Schulz, M. Rattunde, J. Wagner, and D. Burns: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 44 (2008) 125.
H. Lindberg, M. Strassner, E. Gerster, J. Bengtsson, and A. Larsson: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11 (2005) 1126.
S. Adachi: J. Appl. Phys. 54 (1983) 1844.
C. S. Chang and S. L. Chuang: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1 (1995) 218.
Y. Song, P. Zhang, X. Zhang, and Z. Zhang: Opt. Quantum. Electron. 41 (2009) 39.
C. Yan, L. Qin, X. Shan, G. Lu, C. He, Y. Sun, T. Li, Y. Ning, L. Wang, and H. Jiang: Proc. SPIE 6020 (2005) 602004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, P., Song, YR., Zhang, XP. et al. Numerical analysis of thermal effects in InGaAs system vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser. OPT REV 18, 317–323 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-011-0062-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-011-0062-7