Abstract
Groundwater management frameworks rely on budget-friendly mathematical groundwater flow models for identifying sustainable policies. Such models should be capable of modeling well-flow hydraulics and aquifer dynamics simultaneously. A robust well-flow model considers the finite well radius to estimate the hydraulic head distribution in and around a pumping well, considering the effects of partial well penetration, well-bore storage, and well-bore skin. This paper introduces the concept of well-boundary to develop a three-dimensional (3D)-equivalent 2D confined groundwater flow modeling framework for monitoring natural aquifer systems. The developed OpenFOAM®-based model—modFlowFOAM—implements the analytical solution of the well-hydraulics problem for confined aquifer systems as a Dirichlet boundary condition on the well boundary to account for the vertical flow in the neighborhood of the pumping well. To minimize the computational burden (CPU time and usage) involved in modeling large-scale confined aquifer systems, a reduced-order modeling solver for the modFlowFOAM library has also been developed. The numerical results of modFlowFOAM depict excellent correspondence with the MODFLOW results and other numerical results presented in the literature for various well-hydraulics and confined-aquifer flow problems involving regional and synthetic aquifer systems. The accuracy and efficiency of modFlowFOAM ensure its potential applicability to characterize the dynamics of confined aquifer systems.
Résumé
Les cadres de gestion des eaux souterraines s’appuient sur des modèles mathématiques d’écoulement des eaux souterraines faciles à budgétiser pour identifier des politiques durables. Ces modèles doivent être capables de modéliser simultanément l’hydraulique de l’écoulement de puits et la dynamique de l’aquifère. Un modèle robuste d’écoulement de puits prend en compte le rayon fini du puits pour estimer la distribution de la charge hydraulique à l’intérieur et autour d’un puits de pompage, en considérant les effets de la pénétration partielle du puits, l’effet capacitif du puits et les effets de skin au puits. Cet article introduit le concept de conditions aux limites au puits pour développer un cadre de modélisation de l’écoulement des eaux souterraines confinées en trois dimensions (3D)— équivalent 2D—pour la surveillance des systèmes aquifères naturels. Le modèle développé basé sur OpenFOAM®—modFlowFOAM—met en œuvre la solution analytique du problème de l’hydraulique des puits pour les systèmes aquifères captifs en tant que condition à la limite de Dirichlet sur la limite du puits pour tenir compte de l’écoulement vertical dans le voisinage du puits de pompage. Afin de minimiser la charge de calcul (temps CPU et utilisation) liée à la modélisation de systèmes aquifères captifs à grande échelle, un solveur de modélisation d’ordre réduit pour la bibliothèque modFlowFOAM a également été développé. Les résultats numériques de modFlowFOAM présentent une excellente correspondance avec les résultats de MODFLOW et d’autres résultats numériques présentés dans la littérature pour divers problèmes d’hydraulique des puits et d’écoulement dans des aquifères captifs impliquant des systèmes aquifères régionaux et synthétiques. La précision et l’efficacité de modFlowFOAM garantissent son applicabilité potentielle pour caractériser la dynamique des systèmes aquifères captifs.
Resumen
Los métodos de gestión de las aguas subterráneas se basan en modelos matemáticos de su flujo que se ajusten a los presupuestos y permitan definir políticas sostenibles. Estos modelos deben ser capaces de modelizar simultáneamente la hidráulica del flujo de pozos y la dinámica del acuífero. Un modelo robusto de flujo de pozos tiene en cuenta el radio finito del pozo para estimar la distribución de la carga hidráulica dentro y alrededor de un pozo de bombeo, considerando los efectos de la penetración parcial del pozo, el almacenamiento en el pozo y la piel del pozo. Este trabajo introduce el concepto de pozo-límite para desarrollar un marco de modelización tridimensional (3D)-equivalente 2D del flujo de aguas subterráneas confinadas para el monitoreo de sistemas acuíferos naturales. El modelo desarrollado basado en OpenFOAM®—modFlowFOAM—implementa la solución analítica del problema de hidráulica de pozos para sistemas acuíferos confinados como una condición de contorno Dirichlet en el límite del pozo para dar cuenta del flujo vertical en la vecindad del pozo de bombeo. Para minimizar la carga computacional (tiempo de CPU y uso) que supone modelar sistemas acuíferos confinados a gran escala, también se ha desarrollado un solucionador de modelado de orden reducido para la biblioteca modFlowFOAM. Los resultados numéricos de modFlowFOAM muestran una excelente correspondencia con los resultados de MODFLOW y otros resultados numéricos presentados en la literatura para varios problemas de hidráulica de pozos y de flujo de acuíferos confinados que implican sistemas acuíferos regionales y sintéticos. La precisión y eficiencia de modFlowFOAM aseguran su potencial aplicabilidad para caracterizar la dinámica de sistemas acuíferos confinados.
摘要
地下水管理框架依赖于经济实惠的数学地下水流模型来确定可持续的政策。这些模型应能够同时建模井流运动和含水层动力学。一个健壮的井流模型考虑有限的井半径,以估算抽水井内和周边的水头分布,考虑到部分井穿透、井筒储存和井筒壁效应。本文引入井边界的概念,以开发一个三维(3D)等效的二维承压地下水流建模框架用于监测自然含水层系统。开发的基于OpenFOAM®的模型——modFlowFOAM将承压含水层系统的井水力学问题的解析解作为Dirichlet边界条件应用于井边界,以考虑抽水井附近的垂向流动。为了减少对建模大规模承压含水层系统所涉及的计算负荷(CPU时间和使用量),还开发了modFlowFOAM库的降阶建模求解器。modFlowFOAM的数值结果与MODFLOW结果和文献中针对各种涉及区域性和合成含水层系统的井水力学和承压含水层流动问题的其他数值结果表现出良好的一致性。modFlowFOAM的准确性和高效性确保了它对表征承压含水层系统动力学的潜在适用性。
Resumo
As estruturas de gerenciamento de águas subterrâneas dependem de modelos matemáticos de fluxo de águas subterrâneas econômicos para identificar políticas sustentáveis. Esses modelos devem ser capazes de modelar a hidráulica de fluxo de poço e a dinâmica do aquífero simultaneamente. Um modelo robusto de fluxo de poço considera o raio finito do poço para estimar a distribuição da carga hidráulica dentro e ao redor de um poço de bombeamento, considerando os efeitos da penetração parcial do poço, armazenamento do poço e pele do poço. Este artigo apresenta o conceito de limite de poço para desenvolver uma estrutura de modelagem de fluxo de água subterrânea confinada tridimensional (3D) equivalente em 2D para monitorar sistemas aquíferos naturais. O modelo baseado em OpenFOAM® desenvolvido— modFlowFOAM—implementa a solução analítica do problema de poço-hidráulica para sistemas aquíferos confinados como uma condição de contorno de Dirichlet no contorno do poço para levar em conta o fluxo vertical na vizinhança do poço de bombeamento. Para minimizar a carga computacional (tempo e uso da CPU) envolvida na modelagem de sistemas aquíferos confinados em larga escala, um solucionador de modelagem de ordem reduzida para a biblioteca modFlowFOAM também foi desenvolvido. Os resultados numéricos do modFlowFOAM representam uma excelente correspondência com os resultados do MODFLOW e outros resultados numéricos apresentados na literatura para vários problemas de poços hidráulicos e fluxos de aquíferos confinados envolvendo sistemas aquíferos regionais e sintéticos. A precisão e eficiência do modFlowFOAM garantem sua potencial aplicabilidade para caracterizar a dinâmica de sistemas aquíferos confinados.
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Code availability
The source code for modFlowFOAM can be downloaded from the link: https://github.com/gwres/modFlowFOAM.
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Acknowledgements
All the simulations were performed utilizing the resources and supercomputing facilities of ‘Param Shakti’ at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, established under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), supported by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, and implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Pune.
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Dey, S., Dhar, A. A reduced-order framework for three-dimensional-equivalent confined groundwater modeling with emphasis on well-boundary implementation. Hydrogeol J 31, 1883–1902 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02674-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02674-x