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Hydraulic tomography analysis of municipal-well operation data with geology-based groundwater models

Analyse par tomographie hydraulique des données d’exploitation d’un puits municipal à l’aide de modèles d’eaux souterraines fondés sur la géologie

Análisis por tomografía hidráulica de datos de explotación de pozos municipales con modelos de aguas subterráneas en función de la geología

采用基于地质的地下水模型的市政井运行数据的水力层析分析

Análise de tomografia hidráulica de dados de operação de poços municipais com modelos de água subterrânea baseados em geologia

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Abstract

The sustainable management of groundwater resources is essential to municipalities worldwide due to increasing water demand. Planning for the optimized use of groundwater resources requires reliable estimation of hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss). However, estimation of hydraulic parameters can be difficult with dedicated pumping tests while municipal wells are in operation. In this study, the K and Ss of a highly heterogeneous, multi-aquifer/aquitard system are estimated through the inverse modeling of water-level data from observation wells collected during municipal well operations. In particular, four different geological models are calibrated by coupling HydroGeoSphere (HGS) with the parameter estimation code PEST. The joint analysis of water-level records resulting from fluctuating pumping and injection operations amounts to a hydraulic tomography (HT) analysis. The four geological models are well calibrated and yield reliable estimates that are consistent with previously studies. Overall, this research reveals that: (1) the HT analysis of municipal well records is feasible and yields reliable K and Ss estimates for individual geological units where drawdown records are available; (2) these estimates are obtained at the scale of intended use, unlike small-scale estimates typically obtained through other characterization methods; (3) the HT analysis can be conducted using existing data, which leads to substantial cost savings; and (4) data collected during municipal well operations can be used in the development of new groundwater models or in the calibration of existing groundwater models, thus they are valuable and should be archived.

Résumé

La gestion durable des ressources en eaux souterraines est essentielle pour les municipalités à travers le monde en raison d’une demande en eau croissante. La planification d’une utilisation optimisée des ressources en eaux souterraines requiert une évaluation fiable des paramètres hydrauliques, tels que la conductivité hydraulique (K) et le coefficient d’emmagasinement (Ss). Cependant, l’estimation des paramètres hydrauliques à l’aide de test de pompage dédiés, alors que les puits communaux sont en fonctionnement, peut être difficile. Dans la présente étude, le K et le Ss d’un système très hétérogène constitué d’aquifères et aquitards multiples sont estimés par le biais d’une modélisation inverse des données de niveau d’eau provenant de puits d’observation, collectées pendant l’exploitation de l’ouvrage communal. En particulier, quatre modèles géologiques différents sont calés par couplage de HydroGeoSpher (HGS) et du code PEST, code d’estimation de paramètres. L’analyse conjointe des enregistrements du niveau d’eau tel. qu’il résulte d’opérations alternées de pompage et d’injection, revient à réaliser une analyse par tomographie hydraulique (TH). Les quatre modèles géologiques sont calés correctement et fournissent des estimations fiables compatibles avec les études précédentes. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche révèle que: (1) l’analyse TH des enregistrements du puits communal est possible et fournit des estimations fiables de K et de Ss pour les unités géologiques prises séparément où l’enregistrement des rabattements est disponible; (2) ces estimations sont obtenues à l’échelle de l’utilisation projetée, à la différence des estimations à petite échelle habituellement obtenues grâce à d’autres méthodes de caractérisation; (3) l’analyse TH peut être conduite en utilisant les données existantes, ce qui conduit à de substantielles réductions de coûts; et (4) les données collectées lors de l’exploitation du puits communal peuvent être utilisées dans le développement de modèles nouveaux ou dans le calage de modèles existants des eaux souterraines, elles sont donc précieuses et doivent être archivées.

Resumen

La gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos subterráneos es esencial en los municipios de cualquier parte del mundo debido a la creciente demanda de agua. La planificación del uso optimizado del agua subterránea requiere una estimación confiable de los parámetros hidráulicos, como la conductividad hidráulica (K) y el almacenamiento específico (Ss). Sin embargo, la estimación de los parámetros hidráulicos puede ser difícil con ensayos de bombeo específicos mientras los pozos municipales están en funcionamiento. En este estudio, el K y el Ss de un sistema altamente heterogéneo de acuíferos y acuíferos múltiples se estiman mediante la modelización inversa de los datos de nivel de agua obtenidos en pozos de observación durante las operaciones de los pozos municipales. En particular, se calibran cuatro modelos geológicos diferentes acoplando HydroGeoSphere (HGS) con el código de estimación de parámetros PEST. El análisis conjunto de los registros de nivel de agua resultantes de las operaciones de bombeo e inyección que fluctúan equivale a un análisis de tomografía hidráulica (HT). Los cuatro modelos geológicos están bien calibrados y arrojan estimaciones confiables que concuerdan con estudios anteriores. En general, esta investigación revela que (1) el análisis de HT de los registros de pozos municipales es factible y arroja estimaciones confiables de K y Ss para unidades geológicas individuales en las que se dispone de registros de depresión; (2) estas estimaciones se obtienen a la escala de uso prevista, a diferencia de las estimaciones a pequeña escala que se obtienen típicamente a través de otros métodos de caracterización; (3) el análisis de HT puede realizarse utilizando datos existentes, lo que conduce a un ahorro sustancial de costos; y (4) los datos recogidos durante las operaciones de pozos municipales pueden utilizarse en el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de aguas subterráneas o en la calibración de los modelos de aguas subterráneas existentes, por lo que son valiosos y deben ser por lo tanto almacenados.

摘要

由于需水量的不断增加,地下水资源的可持续管理对全世界城市来说都是至关重要的。地下水资源优化利用规划需要可靠地估算水力参数,例如渗透系数(K)和单位储水系数(Ss)。但是,在市政井运行期间,使用专用的抽水试验很难估计水力参数。在这项研究中,通过对市政井运行过程中收集的观测井水位数据进行反演,可以估算出高度非均质的多个含水层/隔水层系统的K和Ss。具体而言,通过将HydroGeoSphere(HGS)与参数估计代码PEST耦合,校准了四个不同的地质模型。波动的开采和注入产生的水位记录的联合分析类似水力层析成像(HT)分析。四种地质模型都经过了很好的校准,并且得出的可靠估计与先前的研究一致。总体而言,这项研究表明:(1)对城市井记录进行HT分析是可行的,并且可以对存在可用降深记录的单个地质单元进行可靠的K和Ss估计; (2)这些估计是在预期用途尺度上获得的,与通常通过其他表征方法获得的小尺度估算不同; (3)HT分析可以使用现有数据进行,从而可以节省大量成本; (4)在市政井运行过程中收集的数据可用于开发新的地下水模型或用于现有地下水模型的校准,因此它们很有价值,应该归档化处理。

Resumo

A gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos é essencial para os municípios em todo o mundo devido à crescente demanda por água. O planejamento para o uso ideal dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos requer uma estimativa confiável dos parâmetros hidráulicos, como condutividade hidráulica (K) e armazenamento específico (Ss). No entanto, estimar os parâmetros hidráulicos pode ser difícil com testes de bombeamento dedicados enquanto os poços municipais estão em operação. Neste estudo, a K e o Ss de um sistema multiaquífero/aquitardo altamente heterogêneo são estimados através da modelagem inversa de dados de nível de água de poços de observação coletados durante operações de poços municipais. Em particular, quatro modelos geológicos diferentes são calibrados acoplando HydroGeoSphere (HGS) com o código de estimativa do parâmetro PEST. A análise conjunta dos registros de nível de água resultantes de operações de bombeamento e injeção flutuantes é equivalente a uma análise de tomografia hidráulica (TH). Os quatro modelos geológicos são bem calibrados e fornecem estimativas confiáveis ​​que são consistentes com estudos anteriores. No geral, esta pesquisa revela que: (1) a análise de TH de registros de poços municipais é viável e produz estimativas de K e Ss confiáveis ​​para unidades geológicas individuais onde os registros de retirada estão disponíveis; (2) essas estimativas são obtidas na escala de uso pretendida, ao contrário das estimativas em pequena escala normalmente obtidas por outros métodos de caracterização; (3) A análise de TH pode ser conduzida usando dados existentes, o que leva a economias de custo substanciais; e (4) os dados coletados durante as operações de poços municipais podem ser usados ​​no desenvolvimento de novos modelos de água subterrânea ou na calibração de modelos existentes de água subterrânea, portanto, são valiosos e devem ser arquivados.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Region Municipality of Waterloo (RMOW), in particular, Tammy Middleton, Eric Hodgins, and Richard Wootton for supporting this project. We also thank Emily Ballent of RMOW for her support in providing access to data and providing technical reports that made this research possible.

Funding

Walter A. Illman acknowledges support from the Collaborative Research and Development (CRD) and Discovery grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Xin Tong, Walter A. Illman, Steven J. Berg & Ning Luo

  2. Aquanty Inc, 564 Weber St N., Unit 2, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 5C6, Canada

    Steven J. Berg

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  1. Xin Tong
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  2. Walter A. Illman
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  3. Steven J. Berg
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  4. Ning Luo
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Correspondence to Xin Tong.

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The original online version of this article was revised: 1) Missing characters are found in sections “Introduction”, “Description of groundwater models”, and “Model validation results”; 2) The headings “Model 1. 5-layer geological mode” should be “Model 1. 5-layer geological model” and “Model 3. Waterloo and model 4. regional models” should be “Model 3. Waterloo and Model 4. Regional models”; and 3) All "regional model" should be "Regional model" in the text and captions (Figs. 4-10).

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Tong, X., Illman, W.A., Berg, S.J. et al. Hydraulic tomography analysis of municipal-well operation data with geology-based groundwater models. Hydrogeol J 29, 1979–1997 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02320-4

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