Abstract
An experimental investigation of seepage characteristics in porous rocks with a single fracture is presented. A seepage system was developed and assembled in the laboratory using two experimental setups. Tests were conducted to quantify the effects of influent pattern, fracture aperture (B), coefficient of permeability of the porous medium (k), hydraulic gradient (J), and water temperature (T) on the seepage characteristics of a porous concrete matrix with a fracture; the porous concrete, with controlled characteristics, was designed to simulate porous rock. The mechanisms of seepage exchange between the porous media and the fracture are discussed, and a new formula for describing the seepage mechanism in a porous rock with a single fracture is proposed. The results showed that B, k, and influent pattern had significant effects on the seepage between the fracture and the porous concrete. The amount of effluent exiting the fracture was greater than that exiting the porous concrete blocks. The proposed model indicated that when B was less than 3.0 mm, the variation in fracture aperture had a significant influence on the effluent from the fracture, while its influence was relatively small when B was greater than 3.0 mm. When k was less than 1.0 cm/s and B increased to 4.8 mm, seepage exited only via the fracture. The proposed mathematical model can be used to effectively estimate the seepage through porous rocks with a fracture.
Résumé
Une étude expérimentale des caractéristiques d’écoulement dans des roches poreuses à une seule fracture est présentée. Un système d’écoulement a été développé et assemblé en laboratoire à l’aide de deux dispositifs expérimentaux. Des tests ont été effectués pour quantifier les effets de la géométrie des écoulements entrants, de l’ouverture de la fracture (B), du coefficient de perméabilité du milieu poreux (k), du gradient hydraulique (J) et de la température de l’eau (T) sur les caractéristiques d’écoulement d’une matrice de béton poreux avec une fracture; le béton poreux, avec des caractéristiques contrôlées, a été conçu pour simuler une roche poreuse. Les mécanismes d’échange par écoulement entre le milieu poreux et la fracture sont examinés, et une nouvelle formule pour décrire le mécanisme d’écoulement dans une roche poreuse avec une seule fracture est proposée. Les résultats ont montré que B, k et la géométrie des écoulements entrants ont des effets significatifs sur l’écoulement entre la fracture et le béton poreux. Le débit sortant de la fracture était plus important que celui sortant des blocs de béton poreux. Le modèle proposé a indiqué que, lorsque B était inférieur à 3.0 mm, la variation de l’ouverture de la fracture avait une influence significative sur le débit sortant de la fracture, alors que son influence était relativement faible lorsque B était supérieur à 3.0 mm. Lorsque k était inférieur à 1.0 cm/s et que B augmentait à 4.8 mm, l’écoulement ne sortait que par la fracture. Le modèle mathématique proposé peut être utilisé pour estimer efficacement l’écoulement à travers les roches poreuses présentant une fracture.
Resumen
Se presenta una investigación experimental de las características de filtración en rocas porosas con una sola fractura. Se desarrolló un sistema de filtración y se ensambló en el laboratorio utilizando dos montajes experimentales. Se realizaron pruebas para cuantificar los efectos del esquema de influencias, la apertura de la fractura (B), el coeficiente de permeabilidad del medio poroso (k), el gradiente hidráulico (J) y la temperatura del agua (T) en las características de filtración de una matriz de hormigón poroso con una fractura; el hormigón poroso, con características controladas, se diseñó para simular la roca porosa. Se examinan los mecanismos de intercambio de filtración entre el medio poroso y la fractura, y se propone una nueva fórmula para describir el mecanismo de infiltración en una roca porosa con una sola fractura. Los resultados mostraron que los patrones B, k e influyentes tenían efectos significativos en la filtración entre la fractura y el hormigón poroso. La cantidad de efluente que salía de la fractura era mayor que la que salía de los bloques de hormigón poroso. El modelo propuesto indicaba que cuando B era inferior a 3.0 mm, la variación de la abertura de la fractura tenía una influencia significativa en el efluente de la fractura, mientras que su influencia era relativamente pequeña cuando B era superior a 3.0 mm. Cuando k era inferior a 1.0 cm/s y B aumentaba a 4.8 mm, la filtración salía sólo por la fractura. El modelo matemático propuesto puede utilizarse para estimar eficazmente la filtración a través de las rocas porosas con fractura.
摘要
开展了单裂隙多孔岩体渗流特性实验研究。利用两个试验装置在实验室开发并组装了一套渗流试验系统。通过室内试验定量研究进水模式, 裂隙开度(B), 多孔介质的渗透系数(k), 水力梯度(J)和水温(T)对含裂隙多孔混凝土基质渗流特性的影响。本文设计渗透性可控的多孔混凝土来模拟多孔岩体。讨论了多孔介质与裂隙之间渗流交换的机理, 提出了描述单裂隙多孔岩体渗流机理的新公式。结果表明, B, k和进水方式对裂隙与多孔混凝土之间的渗流有显著影响。经裂隙流出的水量大于多孔混凝土基质的出水量。模型研究表明, 当B小于3.0 mm时, 裂隙开度变化对裂隙出水量有显著影响, 而当B大于3.0 mm时, 其影响相对较小。当k小于1.0 cm / s且B增加到4.8 mm时, 出水量全部经由裂隙排出。所提出的数学模型可用于有效估算含单裂隙多孔岩体的出渗流量。
Resumo
Uma investigação experimental das características do fluxo em rochas porosas com uma única fratura é apresentada. Um sistema de fluxo foi desenvolvido e construído em laboratório usando duas configurações experimentais. Os testes foram conduzidos para quantificar os efeitos do padrão de influência, da abertura da fratura (B), do coeficiente de permeabilidade do meio poroso (k), do gradiente hidráulico (J), e da temperatura da água (T) nas características do fluxo da matriz porosa de um concreto com uma fratura; o concreto poroso, com características controláveis, foi projetado para simular rocha porosa. Os mecanismos de troca de fluxo entre o meio poroso e a fratura são discutidos, e uma nova fórmula é proposta para descrever o mecanismo de fluxo em uma rocha porosa com uma única fratura. Os resultados mostram que B, k, e o padrão influente tem significativo efeitos no fluxo ente a fratura e o concreto poroso. O montante de efluente saindo da fratura foi maior que saindo dos blocos de concreto poroso. O modelo proposto indicou que quando B foi menos que 3.0 mm, a varrição da abertura da fratura tem significativa influência no efluente da fratura, enquanto que sua influência foi relativamente pequena quando B foi maior que 3.0 mm. Quando k foi menor que 1.0 cm/s e B aumentou para 4.8 mm, o fluxo apenas saiu pela fratura. O modelo matemático proposto pode ser usado para efetivamente estimar o fluxo através de rochas porosas com uma fratura.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the help received from Chenliang Li, senior engineer of Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51609073), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2018B11514), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200288), the Open Program of Safety and Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources (2020003), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (YS11001).
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Gan, L., Shen, Z. & Xiao, M. Experimental investigation of seepage characteristics in porous rocks with a single fracture. Hydrogeol J 28, 2933–2946 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02224-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02224-9