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A multidisciplinary approach to the hydrological conceptualisation of springs in the Surat Basin of the Great Artesian Basin (Australia)

Une approche multidisciplinaire pour établir un modèle conceptuel hydrologique d’émergences dans le Bassin de Surat du Grand Bassin Artésien (Australie)

Un enfoque multidisciplinario de la conceptualización hidrológica de los manantiales de la Cuenca del Surat de la Great Artesian Basin (Australia)

大自流盆地(澳大利亚)Surat盆地泉群水文概念化的多学科方法

Uma abordagem multidisciplinar Para conceptualização hidrológica de nascentes da Bacia Surat na Grande Bacia Artesiana (Austrália)

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Abstract

The impact of groundwater extraction on a spring and its dependent ecosystems is intrinsically linked to local-scale hydrology, the spring’s source aquifer and the discharge environment. This information is critical in the assessment of impacts from groundwater extraction and resource development activities. Using a case study of the Lucky Last and Abyss spring complexes in the Surat Basin of the Great Artesian Basin (Australia), an approach was taken to identify the source aquifers and to build a local-scale conceptualisation. Field investigations, including surface geological mapping, investigation bores, water quality sampling and geophysics, were applied to reduce plausible hypotheses and to increase confidence in the long-term prediction of impacts on these springs. The report highlights advances in the hydrogeological conceptualisation of the Lucky Last and Abyss springs, as well as the benefits of applying an approach that involves hypothesis testing and multiple lines of investigation. The assessment provides increased confidence in the determination of source aquifers for springs in the Surat Basin, with the approach being applicable more broadly to the conceptualisation of springs across the Great Artesian Basin and other regional groundwater flow systems.

Résumé

L’impact de l’exploitation des eaux souterraines sur une source et ses écosystèmes dépendants est intrinsèquement lié à l’hydrologie locale, à l’aquifère de la source et à l’environnement de décharge. Cette information est essentielle pour l’évaluation des impacts des activités d’exploitation des eaux souterraines et de valorisation des ressources. A partir d’une étude de cas concernant l’ensemble des sources de Lucky Last et Abyss dans le Bassin du Surat du Grand Bassin Artésien (Australie), une approche a été adoptée pour identifier les aquifères associés aux exutoires et pour établir un modèle conceptuel à l’échelle locale. Des études de terrain, comprenant de la cartographie géologique de surface, des forages de reconnaissance, des échantillonnages de la qualité de l’eau et de la géophysique, ont été réalisées afin diminuer le nombre d’hypothèses réalistes et d’augmenter la confiance dans la prévision à long terme des impacts sur ces sources. L’article met en évidence les avancées obtenues dans l’établissement d’un modèle conceptuel hydrogéologique des sources de Lucky Last et d’Abyss, ainsi que les avantages d’une approche de tests d’hypothèses en utilisant plusieurs axes d’études. L’évaluation fournit une confiance accrue dans la détermination des aquifères associés aux sources dans le bassin du Surat, en ayant recours à cette approche qui peut être largement utilisée dans l’établissement d’un modèle conceptuel des sources présentes dans le Grand Basin Artésien et d’autres systèmes régionaux d’écoulements d’eaux souterraines.

Resumen

El impacto de la extracción de agua subterránea en un manantial y sus ecosistemas dependientes está intrínsecamente ligado a la hidrología a escala local, al acuífero fuente del manantial y al ambiente de descarga. Esta información es crítica en la evaluación de los impactos de las actividades de extracción de aguas subterráneas y desarrollo de recursos. Utilizando un estudio de caso de los complejos de manantiales de Lucky Last y Abyss en la cuenca de Surat de la Great Artesian Basin (Australia), se adoptó un enfoque para identificar los acuíferos fuente y construir una conceptualización a escala local. Las investigaciones de campo, incluyendo el mapeo geológico de la superficie, las perforaciones de investigación, el muestreo de la calidad del agua y la geofísica, se aplicaron para reducir las hipótesis plausibles y para aumentar la confianza en la predicción a largo plazo de los impactos sobre estos manantiales. El trabajo destaca los avances en la conceptualización hidrogeológica de los manantiales de Lucky Last y Abyss, así como los beneficios de aplicar un enfoque de prueba de hipótesis utilizando múltiples líneas de investigación. La evaluación proporciona una mayor confianza en la determinación de los acuíferos fuente de los manantiales de la cuenca del Surat, con un enfoque más ampliamente aplicable a la conceptualización de los manantiales a través de la Great Artesian Basin y otros sistemas regionales de flujo de aguas subterráneas.

摘要

地下水开采对泉水及其相关生态系统的影响与局部尺度水文,泉水来源的含水层和排泄环境有着内在的联系。这些信息对于评估地下水开采和资源开发活动的影响至关重要。 通过对大自流盆地(澳大利亚)Surat盆地的Lucky Last和Abyss泉群的案例研究,研究了识别源含水层并建立局部概念化方案的方法。本研究进行了现场调查,包括地表地质测绘,调查钻孔,水质采样和地球物理方法,以减少似是而非的假设并提高对这些泉水影响的长期预测结果的可信度。本文重点介绍了Lucky Last和Abyss泉群的水文地质概念化方面的进展,以及采用多种调查方法进行假设检验的方法的好处。评估提高了确定Surat盆地泉群来源含水层的可信度,该方法可更广泛地适用于大自流盆地 和其他区域地下水流系统的泉水概念化。

Resumo

O impacto da extração de águas subterrâneas em uma nascente e seus ecossistemas dependentes está intrinsecamente relacionado à hidrologia em escala local, ao aquífero-fonte da nascente e ao ambiente de descarga. Tais informações são críticas para a avaliação dos impactos da extração de águas subterrâneas e das atividades de desenvolvimento do recurso. Utilizando um estudo de caso dos complexos de nascentes de Lucky Last e Abyss na Bacia Surat da Grande Bacia Artesiana (Austrália), foi adotada uma abordagem para identificação dos aquíferos-fonte e para a construção de um modelo conceitual em escala local. Investigações de campo, incluindo mapeamento geológico da superfície, sondagens de investigação, amostragem da qualidade da água e perfilagens geofísicas, foram aplicadas para reduzir as hipóteses plausíveis e aumentar a confiança na previsão em longo prazo dos impactos nessas nascentes. Este artigo destaca os avanços nos modelos conceituais hidrogeológicos das nascentes Lucky Last e Abyss, assim como os benefícios de aplicar uma abordagem de testes de hipóteses usando múltiplas linhas de evidência. A avaliação realizada fornece maior confiança na determinação de aquíferos-fonte para as nascentes na Bacia Surat, sendo a abordagem mais amplamente aplicável à conceitualização de nascentes na Grande Bacia Artesiana e outros sistemas regionais de fluxo de águas subterrâneas.

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Acknowledgements

The work presented in this report was led by OGIA, which is responsible for undertaking cumulative impact assessment, setting management arrangements and reporting within the Surat CMA. The authors would like to acknowledge CSG tenure holders for their ongoing investment in spring monitoring and complementary research, and GSQ and Santos for supporting surface geological mapping at the case study location. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the range of technical experts that have been involved spring surveying and research in the Surat CMA. Finally, the authors are grateful for the support of Moya Tomlinson in the preparation and editing of the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Steven Flook.

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Published in the special issue “Advances in hydrogeologic understanding of Australia’s Great Artesian Basin”

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Flook, S., Fawcett, J., Cox, R. et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the hydrological conceptualisation of springs in the Surat Basin of the Great Artesian Basin (Australia). Hydrogeol J 28, 219–236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02099-5

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