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Well-log-constrained porosity and permeability distribution in the Springbok Sandstone, Surat Basin, Australia

Distribution de la porosité et de la perméabilité dans une diagraphie de puits dans le Grès de Springbok, Bassin du Surat, Australie

Distribución de la porosidad y la permeabilidad en registros de pozos de la Springbok Sandstone, Surat Basin, Australia

澳大利亚Surat盆地Springbok砂岩的测井约束孔隙度和渗透率分布

Distribuição da porosidade e da permeabilidade limitadas a registros de poço no Arenito Springbok, Bacia Surat, Austrália

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Abstract

The Late Jurassic Springbok Sandstone in the Surat Basin, Australia, is highly heterogeneous in terms of lithology and hydrogeological properties. This heterogeneity is poorly defined in well logs, due, in part, to clay phases that do not exhibit a prominent gamma ray signature. The resulting uncertainties in the hydrogeological properties are propagated to uncertainties in the groundwater models of the Springbok Sandstone. Further, only a small amount of porosity and permeability data are publicly available and the discussion of petrophysical models for the Springbok Sandstone in the peer-reviewed literature has been limited. At the same time, accurately predicting the potential groundwater impact due to coal seam gas production from the underlying Walloon Subgroup is of significant societal and economic importance. This paper presents new porosity and permeability data from more than 50 core samples from the Springbok Sandstone alongside a review of existing data. Based on this dataset and wireline data from five study wells, a new petrophysical model for the formation is proposed. The results show that (1) the Springbok Sandstone is highly variable in terms of hydrogeological parameters, (2) this variability can be captured with a petrophysical model that draws on a full log suite (i.e. triple-combo) and (3) electrofacies classifications based on gamma-ray and bulk-density log cut-offs do not reflect this variability. This improved understanding of the Springbok Sandstone will contribute to best practice management of the water and hydrocarbon resources in the Great Artesian Basin.

Résumé

Le Grès de Springbok du Jurassique inférieur situé dans le bassin du Surat, en Australie, présente une grande hétérogénéité en termes de lithologie et de propriétés hydrogéologiques. Cette hétérogénéité est mal définie dans les diagraphies de puits, en partie à cause de phases argileuses qui ne présentent pas de signature gamma importante. Les incertitudes qui en résultent dans les propriétés hydrogéologiques se propagent aux incertitudes dans les modèles d’eaux souterraines du Grès de Springbok. De plus, seules quelques données sur la porosité et la perméabilité sont disponibles publiquement et la discussion sur les modèles pétrophysiques pour le Grès de Springbok dans la littérature évaluée par les pairs est restreinte. Dans le même temps, la prévision précise de l’impact potentiel sur les eaux souterraines de la production de gaz de houille du sous-groupe Walloon sous-jacent revêt une importance sociétale et économique considérable. Cet article présente de nouvelles données sur la porosité et la perméabilité à partir de plus de 50 échantillons issus du Grès de Springbok, ainsi qu’un examen des données existantes. Sur la base de cet ensemble de données et de données de diagraphie provenant de cinq puits d’étude, un nouveau modèle pétrophysique pour la formation est proposé. Les résultats montrent que (1) le Grès de Springbok est très variable en termes de paramètres hydrogéologiques, (2) cette variabilité peut être capturée avec un modèle pétrophysique s’appuyant sur une suite de log complet (c’est-à-dire à triple combo) et (3) la classification d’électro-faciès basés sur des valeurs des logs de gamma-ray et de la masse volumique apparente ne reflètent pas cette variabilité. Cette meilleure compréhension du Grès de Springbok contribuera à de meilleures pratiques de gestion des ressources en eau et en hydrocarbures dans le Grand Bassin Artésien.

Resumen

La Springbok Sandstone del Jurásico Tardío en la cuenca del Surat, Australia, es altamente heterogénea en términos de litología y propiedades hidrogeológicas. Esta heterogeneidad está mal definida en los registros de pozo, debido, en parte, a que las fases de arcilla no exhiben una prominente firma de rayos gamma. Las incertidumbres resultantes en las propiedades hidrogeológicas se propagan a las incertidumbres en los modelos de aguas subterráneas de la Springbok Sandstone. Además, sólo una pequeña cantidad de datos de porosidad y permeabilidad está disponible públicamente y la discusión de modelos petrofísicos para la Springbok Sandstone en la literatura revisada por expertos ha sido limitada. Al mismo tiempo, predecir con precisión el impacto potencial de las aguas subterráneas debido a la producción de gas de la veta de carbón del Walloon Subgroup subyacente tiene una importancia social y económica significativa. Este trabajo presenta nuevos datos de porosidad y permeabilidad de más de 50 muestras de testigos de la Springbok Sandstone junto con una revisión de los datos existentes. Con base en este conjunto de datos de cinco pozos de estudio, se propone un nuevo modelo petrofísico para la formación. Los resultados muestran que (1) la Springbok Sandstone es altamente variable en términos de parámetros hidrogeológicos, (2) esta variabilidad puede ser capturada con un modelo petrofísico que se basa en un conjunto completo de registros (es decir, triple-combo) y (3) las clasificaciones de electrofacies basadas en rayos gamma y cortes de registros de densidad masiva no reflejan esta variabilidad. Esta mejor comprensión de la Springbok Sandstone contribuirá a la gestión de las mejores prácticas de los recursos hídricos e hidrocarburíferos de la Great Artesian Basin.

摘要

澳大利亚Surat盆地晚侏罗世Springbok砂岩在岩性和水文地质性质上具有很高的非均质性。这种非均质性在测井中很难描述,部分原因是由于粘土相没有表现出明显的伽马射线特征。由此带来的水文地质性质不确定性产生了Springbok砂岩区地下水模型的不确定性。此外,只有少量的孔隙度和渗透率数据是公开可用的,并且在同行评议的文献中,对Springbok砂岩区岩石物理模型的讨论很少。同时,从下伏Walloon亚组准确预测煤层产气对地下水的潜在影响具有重要的社会和经济意义。本文介绍了Springbok砂岩区50多个岩心样品的新孔隙度和渗透率数据,并对现有资料进行了复核,基于该数据集和来自五个研究井的测井电缆数据,提出了一种新的地层岩石物理模型。结果表明:(1) Springbok砂岩水文地质参数变化很大,(2)这种变化可以用完整测井组(即三重组合)的岩石物理模型来描述,(3)基于伽马射线和体积密度测井剖面的电相分类并不能反映这种变化。这种对Springbok砂岩认识的提高将有助于更好地管理大自流盆地的水和碳氢化合物资源。

Resumo

O Arenito Springbok do Jurássico Tardio na Bacia Surat, Austrália, é altamente heterogêneo em termos de litologia e propriedades hidrogeológicas. Essa heterogeneidade é mal definida no perfil geofísico dos poços, devido, em parte, a fases de argila que não exibem uma assinatura proeminente de raios gama. As incertezas resultantes das propriedades hidrogeológicas são propagadas para incertezas em modelos de águas subterrâneas no Arenito Springbok. Além disso, apenas uma pequena quantidade de dados de porosidade e permeabilidade está disponível publicamente e a discussão de modelos petrofísicos para o Arenito Springbok na literatura revisada é limitada. Ao mesmo tempo, prever com precisão o impacto potencial sobre águas subterrâneas devido à produção de gás de carvão proveniente do Subgrupo Wallon subjacente é de significativa importância social e econômica. Este artigo apresenta novos dados de porosidade e permeabilidade de mais de 50 testemunhos amostrais do Arenito Springbok, juntamente com uma revisão dos dados existentes. Com base nestes dados e registros wireline de cinco poços de estudo, é proposto um novo modelo petrofísico para a formação. Os resultados mostram que (1) o Arenito Springbok é altamente variável em termos de parâmetros hidrogeológicos, (2) essa variabilidade pode ser capturada com um modelo petrofísico que utiliza um conjunto completo de registros de perfilagem (por exemplo, combinação tripla) e (3) classificações de eletrofacies com base em limites de raios gama e densidade aparente não refletem essa variabilidade. Este maior entendimento do Arenito Springbok contribuirá para o melhor gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e de hidrocarbonetos na Grande Bacia Artesiana.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge discussions and feedback from numerous colleagues and collaborators in academia, government and industry. The authors would particularly like to acknowledge the continuing dialogue with Gerhard Schöning and Keith Philipson at OGIA, Joan Esterle and Suzanne Hurter at UQ, Charlotte Allen and David Steele at QUT’s CARF, and Andrew Moser and Ryan Morris at Origin. The authors also thank Steve Pickard for drafting the base map and improving some of the figs. OG and ML thank Schlumberger for software donations to QUT (Techlog was used for core to log depth correlations). TF and LJ thank Origin for the permission to be co-authors. The authors thank Jim Underschultz at UQ for an initial guest editor review of this contribution. Finally, the authors would like to thank Malcolm Wallace and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed, constructive and highly valuable comments.

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Correspondence to Oliver Gaede.

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Published in the special issue “Advances in hydrogeologic understanding of Australia’s Great Artesian Basin”

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Gaede, O., Levy, M., Murphy, D. et al. Well-log-constrained porosity and permeability distribution in the Springbok Sandstone, Surat Basin, Australia. Hydrogeol J 28, 103–124 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02086-w

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