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Review: Water–rock interactions and related eco-environmental effects in typical land subsidence zones of China

Revue: Interactions eau–roche et effets éco-environnementaux associés dans des zones typiques de subsidence de Chine

Revisión: Las interacciones agua–roca y los efectos eco-ambientales relacionados en típicas zonas de subsidencia del terreno de China

综述: 中国典型地面沉降区的水–岩相互作用及其生态环境效应

Revisão: Interações água–rocha e efeitos eco-ambientais relacionados em zonas típicas de subsidência de terreno da China

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Abstract

Land subsidence is common in some regions of China. Various eco-environmental problems have arisen due to changes in water–rock interactions in these subsided areas, for which a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological setting is needed. This paper presents the general status of land subsidence in three typical subsided areas of China through the compilation of relevant data, and reviews some typical changes in the water–rock interactions in subsided areas along with related eco-environmental issues. It is found that the subsidence development and distribution are controlled by the groundwater-withdrawal intensity externally, and by the thickness and compressibility of unconsolidated sediments internally. The physical changes and related effects of water–rock interactions in subsided areas include: (1) the decreased ground elevation that caused floods, waterlogged farmland, etc.; (2) the differential subsidence that caused ground fissures; and (3) the change of seepage field that caused substantial reduction of the water resource. Chemically, the changes and related effects of water–rock interactions include: (1) the change to the chemical environment or processes due to the hydrogeologic structure alteration, which caused groundwater pollution; and (2) hydrologic mixing (seawater intrusion, artificial recharge; exchange with adjacent aquifers or aquitards), which degraded the groundwater quality. Further research on the subsided areas in China is suggested to reveal the mechanisms regarding biological and gaseous (meteorological) changes from the perspective of interacting systems among water, rocks, biological agents and gases.

Résumé

La subsidence des terrains est. commune dans quelques régions de Chine. Divers problèmes socio-environnementaux sont apparus suite aux changements d’interactions eau–roche dans ces zones de subsidence, pour lesquelles une compréhension détaillée du fonctionnement hydrogéologique est. nécessaire. Cet article présente le statut général de la subsidence des terraines dans trois zones d’affaissements typiques de Chine au travers d’une compilation de données pertinentes, et une revue de quelques changements typiques des interactions eau–roche des zones affaissées en lien avec des problématiques éco-environnementales. Il a été trouvé que le développement de la subsidence et sa distribution sont contrôlés en externe par l’intensité de l’exploitation des eaux souterraines et en interne par l’épaisseur et la compressibilité des sédiments non consolidés. Les changements physiques et les effets en lien avec les interactions eau–roche dans les zones de subsidence incluent: (1) la diminution de l’altitude du sol qui cause des crues et l’engorgement des terres agricoles, etc.; (2) la subsidence différentielle qui cause des fissures dans le sol; et (3) le changement de drainage des champs qui entraîne une diminution importante des ressources en eau. Chimiquement, les changements et effets associés aux interactions eau-roche comprennent: (1) le changement de l’environnement chimique ou des processus du fait de l’altération de la structure hydrogéologique, ce qui peut causer une pollution des eaux souterraines; (2) un mélange d’eau (intrusion d’eau de mer, recharge artificielle; échange avec les aquifères adjacents ou aquitards), ce qui dégrade la qualité des eaux souterraines.D’autres recherches sur les zones de subsidence en Chine semblent montrer les mécanismes en relation avec les changements biologiques et gazeux (météorologiques) du point de vue des interactions eau, roche, agents biologiques et gaz.

Resumen

La subsidencia del terreno es común en algunas regiones de China. Varios problemas eco-ambientales han surgido debido a los cambios en las interacciones agua–roca en estas áreas hundidas, para lo cual se necesita una comprensión integral del entorno hidrogeológico. Este artículo presenta el estado general de la subsidencia del terreno en tres áreas típicas de China mediante la recopilación de datos relevantes, y la revisión de algunos cambios típicos en las interacciones agua–roca en áreas de subsidencia junto con los problemas ambientales relacionados. Se encuentra que el desarrollo y la distribución de la subsidencia están controlados, externamente por la intensidad de extracción de agua subterránea, e internamente por el espesor y la compresibilidad de los sedimentos no consolidados. Los cambios físicos y los efectos relacionados de las interacciones agua–roca en las áreas con subsidencia incluyen: (1) la disminución de la elevación del terreno que causa inundaciones, tierras de cultivo anegadas, etc. (2) la subsidencia diferencial que causa fisuras en el suelo; y (3) el cambio del área de filtración que causa una reducción sustancial del recurso hídrico. Químicamente, los cambios y los efectos relacionados de las interacciones agua-roca incluyen: (1) el cambio en el ambiente o procesos químicos debido a la alteración de la estructura hidrogeológica, que causa la contaminación del agua subterránea; y (2) mezcla hidrológica (intrusión de agua de mar, recarga artificial, intercambio con acuíferos adyacentes o acuitardos), lo que degrada la calidad del agua subterránea. Se sugiere realizar más investigaciones sobre las áreas de subsidencia en China para relevar los mecanismos relacionados con los cambios biológicos y gaseosos (meteorológicos) desde la perspectiva de los sistemas que interactúan entre el agua, las rocas, los agentes biológicos y los gases.

摘要

摘要 地面沉降在中国的很多地区是一种普遍的环境地质问题。在这些地面沉降区,水–岩相互作用的变化已经引发了各种生态环境问题,因此需要对水文地质背景有一个综合的理解。本文通过相关数据资料的整合,描述了中国三个典型地面沉降区的沉降现状,综述了这些地区一些典型的水–岩相互作用变化及其相应的生态环境问题。研究发现,地下水开采强度为地面沉降演化和空间分布的外因,而松散沉积物的厚度及压缩性为其内因。在沉降区,水–岩相互作用在物理方面的变化及相关的生态环境效应包括:(1)地面高程的下降,会引发洪水和水涝地等问题;(2)差异性的沉降,会引发地裂缝;(3)渗流场的改变,会引发地下水资源的显著减少。而在化学方面,水-岩相互作用的变化及相关的生态环境效应包括:(1)因水文地质结构改变而引起的化学环境或过程的变化,会引发地下水污染;(2)水文混合过程的发生(海水入侵、人工回灌补给、相邻含水层或弱透水层的补给),会引起地下水质的恶化。将来的研究建议从水-岩(土)-生-气相互作用系统的理念,来揭示中国地面沉降区关于生物和气候方面变化的机制。

Resumo

Resumo Subsidência de terreno é comum em algumas regiões da China. Muitos problemas eco-ambientais surgiram devido às mudanças nas interações água–rocha nessas áreas que sofreram subsidência, para as quais é necessária uma compreensão abrangente do cenário hidrogeológico. Este artigo apresenta a situação geral de subsidência de terreno, em três áreas típicas da China, por meio da compilação de dados relevantes; e analisa algumas mudanças específicas nas interações água–rocha em áreas que sofreram subsidência, relacionando com questões eco-ambientais. Verificou-se que o desenvolvimento e a distribuição de subsidência são controlados, externamente, pela intensidade da explotação de águas subterrâneas; e, internamente, pela espessura e compressibilidade de sedimentos não consolidados. As mudanças físicas e os efeitos relacionados com as interações água–rocha, em áreas subsidiadas, incluem: (1) a diminuição da elevação do solo, podendo provocar inundações, alagamento de terras agricultáveis, etc.; (2) a subsidência diferencial, que causa fissuras terrestres; e (3) a mudança do campo de infiltração, que provoca redução substancial do recurso hídrico. Quimicamente, as mudanças e os efeitos relacionados com as interações água-rocha incluem: (1) a mudança para o meio ambiente químico ou processos devido à alteração da estrutura hidrogeológica, que causa a poluição das águas subterrâneas; e (2) mistura hidrológica (intrusão salina, recarga artificial, troca com aquíferos ou aquitardos adjacentes), o que degrada a qualidade da água subterrânea. Pesquisas adicionais sobre as áreas subsidiadas na China são sugeridas para revelar os mecanismos de mudanças biológicas e gasosas (meteorológicas) a partir da perspectiva dos sistemas de interação entre água, rochas, agentes biológicos e gases.

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Acknowledgements

This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41630318), the Regional Guiding Special Project of China University of Geosciences (CUGQYZX1711), and the China Geological Survey Project (121201001000150121).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Teng Ma, Yao Du, Rui Ma, Cong Xiao & Yanjun Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Teng Ma, Yao Du, Rui Ma, Cong Xiao & Yanjun Liu

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Ma, T., Du, Y., Ma, R. et al. Review: Water–rock interactions and related eco-environmental effects in typical land subsidence zones of China. Hydrogeol J 26, 1339–1349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1708-8

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