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The first field-based descriptions of pumping-induced saltwater intrusion and upconing

Les premières descriptions sur le terrain d’intrusion d’eau salée induite par pompage et d’upconing

Las primeras descripciones de campo de la intrusión y el ascenso de conos de agua salada inducidos por el bombeo

抽水诱发的海水入侵和倒锥首次基于现场的描述

As primeiras descrições de campo da intrusão de água salgada e cones ascensionais induzidos por bombeamento

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Abstract

Development of the ideas about the equilibrium between freshwater and saline water has received considerable attention in the literature, but little has been written so far about the earliest scientific works about well salinization. Based on a review of the literature from the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, this historical note explores how insights into groundwater abstraction and saltwater intrusion developed, and examples of the earliest field studies are provided. Fundamental research was driven by the need for increasing water supply, but the progress of science did not lead to sustainable management practices everywhere. Research outcomes were shared between scientists of different countries, marking the beginning of coastal hydrogeology as a scientific specialization in the first decade of the 20th century.

Résumé

Le développement des idées sur l’équilibre entre l’eau douce et l’eau salée a reçu une attention considérable dans la littérature, mais jusqu’à présent peu de chose n’a été écrite sur les premiers travaux scientifiques concernant la salinisation des forages. A partir d’une revue de la littérature concernant la seconde moitié du 19ème siècle et le début du 20ème siècle, cette note historique explore comment les réflexions concernant l’exploitation des eaux souterraines et l’intrusion saline se sont développées, et des exemples des premières études de terrain sont fournies. La recherche fondamentale a été guidée par la nécessité d’accroître l’alimentation en eau, mais les progrès de la science n’a pas conduit à des pratiques de gestion durable partout. Les résultats de la recherche ont été partagés entre les scientifiques des différents pays, marquant le début de l’hydrogéologie côtière en tant que spécialisation scientifique au cours de la première décennie du 20ème siècle.

Resumen

El desarrollo de las ideas acerca del equilibrio entre el agua dulce y el agua salada ha recibido una atención considerable en la literatura, pero poco se ha escrito hasta ahora sobre los primeros trabajos científicos acerca de la salinización de los pozos. En base de una revisión de la literatura de la segunda mitad del siglo 19 y principios del siglo 20, esta nota histórica explora cómo se genera el desarrollo de los conocimientos acerca de la extracción de agua subterránea y la intrusión de agua salada, y los ejemplos de los primeros estudios de campo. La investigación fundamental fue impulsada por la necesidad de aumentar el suministro de agua, pero el progreso de la ciencia no dio lugar a prácticas de gestión sostenible en casi ningún sitio. Los resultados de la investigación fueron compartidos entre científicos de diferentes países, lo cual marca el comienzo de la hidrogeología costera como una especialización científica en la primera década del siglo 20.

摘要

文献中,淡水和咸水平衡的理念的发展引起了人们的极大关注,但是至今有关井的盐化最早的科研工作付诸文字的极少。基于对从19世纪后半叶和20世纪早期的文献回顾,本文探究了人们对地下水抽取和咸水入侵的认识是怎样发展的,提供了最早的野外研究实例。日益增长的供水需求驱使着基础研究的发展,但科学的进步并没有使每个地方都呈现出可持续的管理实践。不同国家的科学家分享着研究成果,使沿海水文地质在20世纪第一个十年成为一个专门的学科。

Resumo

Desenvolvimento de ideias sobre o equilíbrio entre águas doces e águas salinas tem recebido atenção considerável na literatura, mas pouco tem sido escrito até agora sobre os primeiros trabalhos científicos sobre salinização em poços. Com base em uma revisão da literatura a partir da segunda metade do século 19 e início do século 20, esta nota histórica explora como o conhecimento dentro da abstração de águas subterrâneas e de intrusão de águas salgadas desenvolveu-se, e exemplos dos primeiros estudos de campo são fornecidos. A pesquisa fundamental foi impulsionada pela necessidade de aumentar o abastecimento de água, mas o progresso da ciência não conduziu a práticas de gestão sustentável em todos os lugares. Resultados da investigação foram compartilhados entre cientistas de diferentes países, marcando o início da hidrologia costeira como uma especialização científica na primeira década do século 20.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms. Franziska Holst for her assistance with the reproduction of the graphs displayed in Figs. 1 and 3.

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Houben, G., Post, V.E.A. The first field-based descriptions of pumping-induced saltwater intrusion and upconing. Hydrogeol J 25, 243–247 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1476-x

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