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Quantity and location of groundwater recharge in the Sacramento Mountains, south-central New Mexico (USA), and their relation to the adjacent Roswell Artesian Basin

Quantité et emplacement de la recharge des eaux souterraines dans les montagnes de Sacramento, centre sud du Nouveau Mexique (Etats-Unis d’Amérique), et leur relation avec le bassin adjacent artésien de Roswell

Cantidad y ubicación de LA recarga de agua subterránea en las Sacramento Mountains, centro-sur de Nuevo México (EE.UU.), y su relación con la adyacente cuenca artesiana de Roswell

(美国)新墨西哥州中南部沙加缅度山脉地下水补给的量和位置

Quantidade e localização de recarga das águas subterrâneas nas Montanhas de Sacramento, centro-sul de Novo México (EUA), e sua relação com a adjacente Bacia Artesiana de Roswell

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Abstract

The Sacramento Mountains and the adjacent Roswell Artesian Basin, in south-central New Mexico (USA), comprise a regional hydrologic system, wherein recharge in the mountains ultimately supplies water to the confined basin aquifer. Geologic, hydrologic, geochemical, and climatologic data were used to delineate the area of recharge in the southern Sacramento Mountains. The water-table fluctuation and chloride mass-balance methods were used to quantify recharge over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Extrapolation of the quantitative recharge estimates to the entire Sacramento Mountains region allowed comparison with previous recharge estimates for the northern Sacramento Mountains and the Roswell Artesian Basin. Recharge in the Sacramento Mountains is estimated to range from 159.86 × 106 to 209.42 × 106 m3/year. Both the location of recharge and range in estimates is consistent with previous work that suggests that ~75 % of the recharge to the confined aquifer in the Roswell Artesian Basin has moved downgradient through the Yeso Formation from distal recharge areas in the Sacramento Mountains. A smaller recharge component is derived from infiltration of streamflow beneath the major drainages that cross the Pecos Slope, but in the southern Sacramento Mountains much of this water is ultimately derived from spring discharge. Direct recharge across the Pecos Slope between the mountains and the confined basin aquifer is much smaller than either of the other two components.

Résumé

Les montagnes de Sacramento et le bassin artésien adjacent de Roswell, dans le centre sud du Nouveau Mexique (Etats-Unis d’Amérique) comprennent un système hydrologique régional, dans lequel la recharge dans les montagnes fournit in fine l’eau dans l’aquifère captif du bassin. Les données géologiques, hydrologiques, géochimiques, et climatiques ont été utilisées pour délimiter la zone de recharge dans le sud des montagnes de Sacramento. Les méthodes d’interprétation des fluctuations du niveau piézométrique et des bilans de masse des chlorures ont été utilisées pour quantifier la recharge sur une gamme d’échelles spatiales et temporelles. L’extrapolation des estimations de la recharge quantitative pour l’ensemble de la région des montagnes de Sacramento a permis une comparaison avec les estimations antérieures de la recharge pour le nord des montagnes de Sacramento et du bassin artésien de Roswell. La recharge dans les montagnes de Sacramento a une valeur comprise entre 159.86 × 106 et 209.42 × 106 m3/an. La localisation de la recharge ainsi que la gamme des estimations est compatible avec les travaux antérieurs qui suggéraient qu’environ 75 % de la recharge de l’aquifère captif du bassin artésien de Roswell s’étaient déplacés vers l’aval au travers de la formation de Yeso par rapport aux zones distales de recharge dans les montagnes de Sacramento. Une plus petite composante de la recharge a pour origine l’infiltration de l’écoulement fluvial sous les principaux drainages qui traversent le Pecos Slope, mais dans le sud des montagnes de Sacramento la plupart de l’eau provient finalement du débit des sources. La recharge directe au travers de Pecos Slope entre les montagnes et l’aquifère captif du bassin est beaucoup plus petite que l’un des deux autres composants.

Resumen

Las Sacramento Mountains y la adyacente cuenca artesiana de Roswell, en el centro-sur de Nuevo México (EE.UU.), comprenden un sistema hidrológico regional, donde en última instancia la recarga en las montañas, abastece de agua a la cuenca del acuífero confinado. Se utilizaron datos geológicos, hidrológicos, geoquímicos y climatológicos para delimitar la zona de recarga en el sur de las Sacramento Mountains. Se utilizaron la fluctuación de la capa freática y métodos de balance de masa de cloruro para cuantificar la recarga en un rango de escalas espaciales y temporales. La extrapolación de las estimaciones cuantitativas de la recarga a toda la región de las Sacramento Mountains permitió la comparación con las estimaciones previas de la recarga del norte de las Sacramento Mountains y la cuenca artesiana de Roswell. La recarga en las Sacramento Mountains se estima en un rango de 159.86 × 106 a 209.42 × 106 m3/año. Tanto la ubicación de la recarga como el rango de los cálculos es coherente con trabajos anteriores que indican que el ~75 % de la recarga al acuífero confinado en la cuenca artesiana de Roswell se ha desplazado gradiente abajo a través de áreas de recarga distales de la formación Yeso en las Sacramento Mountains. Un componente de la recarga más pequeño se deriva de la infiltración de los caudales por debajo de los principales drenajes que cruzan el Pecos Slope, pero en el sur las Sacramento Mountains gran parte de esta agua se deriva en última instancia en la descarga de manantiales. La recarga directa a través del Pecos Slope entre las montañas y el acuífero confinado de la cuenca es mucho más pequeño que cualquiera de los otros dos componentes.

摘要

(美国)新墨西哥州中南部沙加缅度山脉及相邻的罗斯维尔自流盆地构成了一个区域水文系统,在这个水文系统内,山脉内的地下水补给最终流入承压盆地含水层。利用地质、水文、地区化学和气候资料描述了沙加缅度山脉的补给区。采用水位波动法和氯化物质量平衡法对一系列的空间和时间尺度上的补给进行了量化。对整个沙加缅度山脉地区定量补给估算的外推可以和沙加缅度山脉北部和罗斯维尔自流盆地先前的补给估算进行对比。估算的沙加缅度山脉补给量为159.86 × 106 到 209.42 × 106 m3/year。估算中的补给位置和范围与沙加缅度山脉北部和罗斯维尔自流盆地先前的补给估算数一致,表明,大约75%补给到罗斯维尔自流盆地承压含水层的水从沙加缅度山脉远端的补给区顺梯度流经Yeso地层。较小部分的补给来自主要排水区之下河流的入渗,这些排水区横贯佩克斯坡地,但在沙加缅度山脉南部,大部分这样的水基本来自泉的排泄。穿过山脉和承压盆地含水层之间佩克斯坡地的直接补给大大少于其它两部分的补给。

Resumo

As Montanhas de Sacramento e a adjacente Bacia Artesiana de Roswell, no centro-sul do Novo México (EUA), compreendem um sistema hidrológico regional, em que a recarga nas montanhas fornecem, em última instância, água para a bacia do aquífero confinado. Dados geológicos, hidrológicos, geoquímicos e climatológicos foram usados para delinear a área de recarga ao sul das Montanhas de Sacramento. Os métodos da variação da superfície livre e balanço de massa de cloreto foram usados para quantificar a recarga sobre uma gama de escalas espaciais e temporais. A extrapolação de estimativas quantitativas de recarga para toda a região das Montanhas de Sacramento permitiu a comparação com estimativas de recarga anteriores para o norte das Montanhas de Sacramento e a Bacia Artesiana de Roswell. Estima-se que a recarga nas Montanhas de Sacramento varie de 159.86 × 106 a 209.42 × 106 m3/ano. Tanto a localização quanto o intervalo dos valores estimados são consistentes com trabalhos anteriores que sugerem que ~75 % da recarga para o aquífero confinado na Bacia Artesiana de Roswell se deslocou no sentido do menor gradiente através da Formação Yeso a partir de áreas de recarga distante das Montanhas de Sacramento. Uma menor componente da recarga é derivada da infiltração da vazão que escoa abaixo das principais drenagens que atravessam a Encosta de Pecos, mas no sul das Montanhas de Sacramento muito dessa água é, em última instância, derivada da vazão das nascentes. A recarga direta na Encosta de Pecos entre as montainhas e a bacia do aquífero confinado é muito menor do que as outras duas componentes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Lewis Land, Stacy Timmons, and Dave Romero for helpful discussions regarding this work. Reviews by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Otero Soil and Water Conservation District though legislative appropriation and the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP). This study would not have been possible without the kind cooperation of many landowners throughout the Sacramento Mountains region.

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  1. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2808 Central SE, Suite 127, Albuquerque, NM, 87106-2245, USA

    Geoffrey C. Rawling

  2. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801-4796, USA

    B. Talon Newton

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Correspondence to Geoffrey C. Rawling.

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This article belongs to a series that characterizes the hydrogeology of the Sacramento Mountains and the Roswell and Salt basins in New Mexico, USA

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Rawling, G.C., Newton, B.T. Quantity and location of groundwater recharge in the Sacramento Mountains, south-central New Mexico (USA), and their relation to the adjacent Roswell Artesian Basin. Hydrogeol J 24, 757–786 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1399-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1399-6

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