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Recharge assessment in an urban area: a case study of La Plata, Argentina

Evaluation de la recharge dans une zone urbaine: cas de La Plata, Argentine

Evaluación de la recarga en un área urbana: un caso de estudio de La Plata, Argentina

Avaliação da recarga numa área urbana: estudo de caso de La Plata, Argentina

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Abstract

Leakage from water mains, storm drainage and sewer systems in urban areas constitutes a source of recharge that is difficult to identify and quantify at a regional scale. The objective of this work is to apply a methodology that would make it possible to evaluate urban recharge at a regional scale, taking as a case study the city of La Plata (Argentina). In the study area, population growth and an increase in water demand has caused the intensive exploitation of groundwater with resulting alteration in groundwater flow. The methodology used was developed on the basis of a water balance and the simulation of the temporal evolution of the cones of depression and the volumes of water extracted from the aquifer. The method consists of adjusting the piezometry resulting from the numerical modelling to the measured piezometry, by means of the variation of the recharge parameter in the urban area. The results obtained make it possible to identify and quantify urban recharge, which in this case represents a volume of water similar to the recharge from precipitation.

Résumé

Fuite de conduites maîtresses, drainage des orages et systèmes d’égouts en zones urbaines constituent des sources de recharge qu’il est difficile d’identifier et de quantifier à une échelle régionale. L’objectif de ce travail est d’appliquer une méthodologie qui rendrait possible l’évaluation d’une recharge urbaine à une échelle régionale, prenant comme cas la ville de La Plata (Argentine). Dans la zone d’étude, la croissance de la population et l’augmentation de la demande en eau ont causé une exploitation intensive de la nappe avec altération résultante du débit d’écoulement souterrain. La méthodologie utilisée a été développée sur la base d’un bilan d’eau et de la simulation de l’évolution temporelle des cônes de dépression et des volumes d’eau extraits de l’aquifère. La méthode consiste à ajuster la piézométrie résultant de la modélisation numérique à la piézométrie mesurée, au moyen de la variation des paramètres de la recharge dans la zone urbaine. Les résultats obtenus ont rendu possible l’identification et la quantification de la recharge urbaine, qui dans ce cas représente un volume d’eau similaire à la recharge des précipitations.

Resumen

Las pérdidas de las cañerías de aprovisionamiento de agua, de los drenajes pluviales y cloacas, constituyen una recarga urbana que es de difícil identificacion y cuantificación a escala regional. El objetivo del trabajo es aplicar una metodología que permita evaluar la recarga urbana a escala regional tomando como caso de estudio a la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina). El crecimiento poblacional y el aumento en la demanda de agua produjeron una explotación intensa de las aguas subterráneas con la consecuente alteración del flujo subterráneo. La metodología usada se desarrolló partir de un balance de agua y la simulación de la evolución temporal de los conos de depresión y los volúmenes de agua extraídos del acuífero. El método consiste en ajustar la piezometría resultante del modelo numérico a la piezometría medida, mediante la variación del parámetro de recarga en el área urbana. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar y cuantificar la recarga urbana la cual representa, para este caso, un volumen de agua similar a la recarga proveniente de las precipitaciones.

Resumo

As fugas a partir de canalizações de águas de abastecimento, de águas pluviais e de águas residuais em áreas urbanas constituem uma origem de recarga que é difícil de identificar e quantificar a uma escala regional. O objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação de uma metodologia que tornasse possível avaliar a recarga urbana a uma escala regional tomando como estudo de caso a cidade de La Plata (Argentina). Na área de estudo, o crescimento populacional e um incremento na procura de água causaram uma exploração intensiva da água subterrânea com a consequente modificação no escoamento da água subterrânea. A metodologia usada foi desenvolvida com base no balanco hídrico e na simulação da evolução temporal dos cones de rebaixamento com os volumes de água extraídos do aquífero. O método consiste no ajuste da piezométrica resultante da modelação numérica com a piezométrica medida, através da variação do parâmetro de recarga na área urbana. Os resultados obtidos tornam possível identificar e quantificar a recarga urbana, que neste caso representa um volume de água similar ao da recarga proveniente da precipitação.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and the Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina) for funding this research. This project was undertaken within the framework of international cooperation between Argentina (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva) and Portugal (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior). We would like to thank Professor John Sharp, the other (anonymous) reviewer and the editors for their valuable comments, which helped us improve the quality of the manuscript.

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Kruse, E., Carol, E., Mancuso, M. et al. Recharge assessment in an urban area: a case study of La Plata, Argentina. Hydrogeol J 21, 1091–1100 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0981-4

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