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Principles to coordinate managed aquifer recharge with natural resource management policies in Australia

Principes pour coordonner la recharge contrôlée des aquifères avec des politiques de gestion de la ressource naturelle en Australie

Principios para coordinar el manejo de la recarga de acuífero con las políticas del manejo de recursos naturales en Australia

澳大利亚协调含水层人工补给与自然资源管理政策的原理

Princípios para coordenar a recarga gerida de aquíferos com as políticas de gestão dos recursos naturais na Austrália

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Abstract

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a tool available to water-resources managers that assists agencies to secure water supplies and protect aquifers and groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the face of climate change and growing water demand. Yet few natural-resources managers have access to a coordinated set of policies that enable the potential benefits of MAR to be fully realised in urban and rural areas. This paper reviews contemporary Australian water-resource policies and systematically applies a refined set of ‘robust separation of rights’ principles based on secure entitlements, annual allocations and end-use obligations to guide the coordination of policies specific to each of the four operational processes central to MAR schemes: source water harvesting, aquifer recharge, recovery of stored water and end use. Particular attention is given to the formulation of policies relating to the recovery of water, including the feasibility for market exchange of permanent and temporary rights to recover recharged water, as these have the potential to greatly expand the role of MAR. Aquifer characteristics, existing groundwater extractions and potential third party effects need to be taken into account in determining both recovery entitlements and annual allocations. A transitional pathway to implement novel MAR policies is suggested.

Résumé

La recharge contrôlée des aquifères (RCA) est un outil disponible pour les gestionnaires des ressources en eau qui aide les agences chargées d’assurer la sécurité l’approvisionnement en eau et la protection des aquifères et les écosystèmes qui en dépendent face au changement climatique et à une demande croissante en eau. Jusqu’à présent peu de gestionnaires des ressources naturelles en eau ont eu accès à un ensemble coordonné de politiques de l’eau permettant de tirer pleinement partie des bénéfices potentiels de la recharge contrôlée des aquifères (RCA) en zones urbaines et rurales. Cet article passe en revue les politiques de l’eau australiennes actuelles et applique systématiquement un ensemble épuré de principes basés sur une nette séparation des droits et sur des réglementation solides, sur des quotas annuels et des obligations finales pour guider la coordination des politiques spécifiques à chacun des quatre axes opérationnels de la RCA : collecte des eaux de source, recharge des aquifères, récupération des eaux stockées et usage final. Une attention particulière est portée à la formulation des politiques concernant la récupération des eaux, y compris la faisabilité d’échange de droits permanents et temporaires le prélèvement d’eau souterraine issue de la recharge artificielle, car celles-ci ont le potentiel d’accroître grandement le rôle de la RCA. Les caractéristiques des aquifères, les prélèvements d’eau souterraine existants et les impacts tiers potentiels doivent être pris en compte afin de déterminer aussi bien les droits de prélèvement que les quotas annuels. Une feuille de route transitoire pour la mise en application des nouvelles politiques de l’eau associées à la RCA est suggérée.

Resumen

El manejo de la recarga de acuífero (MAR) es una herramienta disponible para los gerenciadores de los recursos hídricos que asisten a las agencias para asegurar abastecimientos seguros de agua y para proteger los acuíferos y los ecosistemas dependientes del agua subterránea en vista del cambio climático y del crecimiento de la demanda de agua. Sin embargo pocos gerenciadores de los recursos naturales tienen acceso a un conjunto de políticas coordinadas que permitan la concreción completa de los beneficios potenciales del MAR en áreas urbanas y rurales. Este trabajo revisa las políticas contemporáneas de recursos de agua de Australia y aplica sistemáticamente un conjunto refinado de “separaciones robustas de derechos” basado en principios sobre derechos seguros, las asignaciones anuales y las obligaciones de uso final para guiar la coordinación de las políticas específicas a cada uno de los cuatro procesos operacionales centrales en los esquemas MAR: fuentes de captación de agua, recarga de acuíferos, recuperación del agua almacenada y uso final. Se le presta una atención particular a la formulación de políticas que se relacionan con la recuperación del agua, incluyendo la factibilidad para el intercambio de mercado de derechos permanentes y temporarios para recuperar el agua recargada, porque estos tienen el potencial para expandir grandemente en rol del MAR. Las características del acuífero, las extracciones de agua subterránea existentes y los potenciales efectos de terceros necesitan ser tomadas en cuenta para la determinación de los derechos de recuperación y las asignaciones anuales. Se sugiere una trayectoria transicional para implementar nuevas políticas MAR.

摘要

面对气候变化及水需求增长,管理式含水层补给(MAR)是那些帮助代理保证水供给并保护含水层地下水及相关生态系统的水资源管理者的有效工具。然而只有少数天然资源管理者可以利用一系列协调的政策使MAR的潜在利益在城市和农村充分实现。本文回顾了当代澳大利亚水资源政策并系统地运用一套精炼的基于安全权利、年度分配、最终使用目标的稳健分离权利,用于指导政策间的协调,具体到MAR方案四个主要操作过程中的每一个:水源获取、含水层补给、存储水修复以及最终用途。值得注意的是关于水修复的政策设想,应包括修复补给水临时和永久权利的市场交换的可行性,因为他们有极大地扩展MAR规则的潜力。决定修复权利和年度分配时,含水层特征、现有的地下水开采以及潜在的第三方效应需要被考虑在内,建议设立改善新MAR政策的过渡途径。

Resumo

A gestão da recarga de aquíferos (MAR) é uma ferramenta à disposição dos gestores de recursos hídricos que auxilia as agências na garantia de abastecimento de água e na proteção dos aquíferos e dos ecossistemas dependentes de águas subterrâneas face às alterações climáticas e à crescente demanda de água. No entanto, poucos gestores de recursos naturais têm acesso a um conjunto coordenado de políticas que permitam que os benefícios potenciais da MAR sejam plenamente efetivos em áreas urbanas e rurais. Este trabalho revê políticas contemporâneas de recursos australianos de água e aplica sistematicamente um conjunto refinado de princípios de "separação robusta de direitos” com base nos direitos seguros, alocações anuais e obrigações de uso final, para orientar a coordenação das políticas específicas para cada um dos quatro processos operacionais centrais para esquemas de MAR: colheita de água de fontes, recarga de aquíferos, recuperação de água armazenada e utilização final. É dada especial atenção à formulação de políticas relativas à recuperação de água, incluindo a viabilidade de troca de mercado dos direitos permanentes e temporários para recuperar águas recarregadas, uma vez que estas têm o potencial para expandir o papel da MAR. Caraterísticas de aquíferos, extração de águas subterrâneas existentes e potenciais efeitos de terceiros, precisam ser levados em conta na determinação tanto dos direitos de recuperação como das dotações anuais. É sugerido um caminho de transição para implementar políticas inovadoras na área da MAR.

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Acknowledgements

The presented research was funded by, and reported to, the Australian National Water Commission as part of the Raising National Water Standards Programme and by CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Research Flagship. The research represents Part One of a project entitled Facilitating Recycling of Stormwater and Reclaimed Water via Aquifers in Australia. The research was commissioned to inform decision-makers determining policy related to managed aquifer recharge in Australia and does not form part of any approved government policy. Randall Cox of the Queensland Department of Natural Resource Management, Peter Baker of the Bureau of Regional Science, Chris O’Boy of the Western Australian Department of Water and Neil Power of South Australian Department for Water, provided insights as part of the project advisory committee. The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on early drafts of the paper.

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Ward, J., Dillon, P. Principles to coordinate managed aquifer recharge with natural resource management policies in Australia. Hydrogeol J 20, 943–956 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0865-z

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