Abstract
Groundwater, surface water, soil and river sediment samples, and information on land use in the Nanfei River basin (NRB) of China have been analyzed to study the geochemistry, distribution, and mobilization of phosphorus. The distribution of phosphate (PO 3–4 ) and the relationships between PO 3–4 and several constituents in groundwater were studied. Partial correlation analysis relating PO 3–4 to types of land use was conducted using the data analyzing tool SPSS 15.0. The processes controlling the transport of PO 3–4 are discussed. The conclusions from this study are: (1) urban land use has obvious impact on PO 3–4 in groundwater, the average concentration of PO 3–4 being 4.37 mg/L, greater than that resulting from farmland and mixed land use, which have average PO 3–4 concentrations of 0.10 and 0.18 mg/L, respectively; (2) the partial correlation between PO 3–4 and types of land use is significant with a coefficient of 0.760; (3) the PO 3–4 concentrations in surface water are generally higher than those in groundwater, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in river sediments are generally higher than those in soil samples; (4) groundwater is a carrier of PO 3–4 and is likely responsible for the redistribution of PO 3–4 in different regions of NRB.
Résumé
Des échantillons d’eau de surface, de nappe, de sol et de sédiments alluvionnaires, et des informations sur son utilisation agricole dans le bassin de la Rivière Nanfei (NRB), Chine, ont été analysés pour étudier la géochimie, la distribution et la mobilisation du phosphore. La distribution du phosphate (PO 3–4 ) et la relation entre PO 3–4 et plusieurs composés dans la nappe ont été étudiés. Une analyse de corrélation partielle entre PO 3–4 et les types d’applications agricoles a été menée en utilisant l’outil d’analyse de données SPSS 15.0. Les processus contrôlant le transport de PO 3–4 sont discutés. Les conclusions de cette étude sont : (1) l’utilisation agricole d’effluent urbain a un impact évident sur (PO 3–4 ) dans l’eau de nappe, la concentration moyenne en PO 3–4 étant 4.37 mg/L, supérieure à celles résultant de l’agriculture et d’un usage agricole mixte, qui présentent des moyennes de 0.10 et 1.18 mg/L respectivement; (2) la corrélation partielle entre (PO 3–4 ) et les types d’utilisation agricole est significative avec un coefficient de 0.760; (3) les concentrations (PO 3–4 ) dans l’eau de surface sont généralement supérieures à celles de l’eau de nappe et les concentrations en phosphore total (TP) dans les sédiments fluviatiles sont généralement supérieures à celles des échantillons de sol; (4) l’eau de la nappe est un vecteur de PO 3–4 et est vraisemblablement responsable de la redistribution de PO 3–4 dans différentes régions du NRB.
Resumen
Se analizaron muestras de agua subterránea, agua superficial, suelo y sedimentos, e información sobre el uso de la tierra en la cuenca del Río Nanfei (NRB) de China para estudiar la geoquímica, y la distribución y movilización del fósforo. Se estudiaron la distribución de fosfato (PO 3–4 ) y la relación entre PO 3–4 y varios constituyentes en el agua subterránea. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de correlación parcial que relacionan PO 3–4 con los tipos de uso de la tierra usando el análisis de datos con la herramienta SPSS 15.0. Se discuten los procesos que controlan del transporte de PO 3–4 . Las conclusiones de este estudio son: (1) el uso urbano de la tierra ha tenido un obvio impacto sobre el PO 3–4 en el agua subterránea, siendo la concentración promedio de PO 3–4 de 4.37 mg/L, mayor que los que resultan de tierras de cultivo y uso mixto de la tierra, que tienen concentraciones promedio de PO 3–4 de 0.10 y 0.18 mg/L, respectivamente; (2) la correlación parcial entre PO 3–4 y los tipos de uso de la tierra es significativa con un coeficiente de 0.760; (3) las concentraciones de PO 3–4 en el agua superficial son generalmente mayores que en el agua subterránea, y las concentraciones de fósforo total (TP) en los sedimentos fluviales son generalmente mayores que aquellas de las muestras de suelo; (4) el agua subterránea es un portador de PO 3–4 y es muy probablemente el responsable de la redistribución del PO 3–4 en diferentes regiones de NRB.
摘要
本文通过取样分析了中国南淝河流域地下水、地表水、土壤与河流沉积物以及对应的土地利用信息,研究了磷素的地球化学、分布以及迁移特征。研究了磷酸盐分布特征及其与地下水中相关组分的关系;利用SPSS15.0 统计工具对磷酸盐和土地利用进行了偏相关分析;讨论了磷酸盐迁移的控制过程;得到主要结论如下:(1)城市土地利用类型对地下水磷酸盐分布有显著影响,其中地下水中磷酸盐平均浓度,城市土地利用类型为4.37 mg/L, 明显高于农业用地0.10 mg/L以及混合土地利用类型0.18 mg/L;(2)磷酸根离子含量与土地利用类型的偏相关系数为0.76;(3)地表水中的磷酸盐浓度一般高于地下水中的浓度,河流沉积物中的总磷含量高于土壤总磷含量;(4)地下水是磷酸盐的载体,对南淝河流域不同区段磷素分布可能具有重要影响。
Resumo
Foram analisadas amostras de águas subterrâneas, de águas superficiais, sedimentos de solo e do rio e informações sobre uso do solo na bacia do Rio Nanfei (BRN), China, para estudar a geoquímica, a distribuição e a mobilização do ião fosfato. Foram estudadas as relações de distribuição de fosfato (PO 3–4 ) e as relações entre PO 3–4 e diversos componentes nas águas subterrâneas. Foi realizada uma análise de correlação parcial relacionando PO 3–4 com tipos de uso do solo com recurso a ferramenta de análise de dados SPSS 15.0. São discutidos os processos que controlam o transporte de PO 3–4 . As conclusões deste estudo são: (1) ol uso do solo urbano tem um impacte óbvio no PO 3–4 nas águas subterrâneas, onde a concentração média de PO 3–4 é de 4.37 mg/L, superior à encontrada em solos de uso agrícola e solos de usos mistos, que têm médias de concentrações de PO 3–4 de 0.10 e 0.18 mg/L, respetivamente; (2) a correlação parcial entre PO 3–4 e os tipos de uso do solo é significativa, com um coeficiente de 0.760; (3) as concentrações do PO 3–4 nas águas superficiais são, geralmente, mais elevadas do que nas águas subterrâneas, e as concentrações de fósforo total (FT) nos sedimentos do rio são, regra geral, mais elevadas do que nas amostras de solo; (4) a água subterrânea é um transmissor do PO 3–4 e é provavelmente responsável pela redistribuição de PO 3–4 em diferentes regiões do BRN.
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Acknowledgements
The research was supported by The Funds for Creative Research Groups of Hefei University of Technology (No. 2009HGCX0233), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40872166) and National “Water Special” Program of China (No. 2008ZX07103-003-01). We thank the reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments which helped us improve the manuscript substantially.
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Qian, J., Wang, L., Zhan, H. et al. Urban land-use effects on groundwater phosphate distribution in a shallow aquifer, Nanfei River basin, China. Hydrogeol J 19, 1431–1442 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0770-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0770-x