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Modelling the impact of a subsurface barrier on groundwater flow in the lower Palar River basin, southern India

Modélisation de l’impact d’une barrière souterraine sur l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans le bassin inférieur du fleuve Palar, sud de l’Inde

Modelado del impacto de una barrera subsuperficial en el flujo de agua subterránea en la cuenca baja del Río Palar, sur de India

在印度南部Palar河流域下游地下坝对地下水流影响的模拟研究

Modelação do impacte de uma barreira subsuperficial no escoamento de águas subterrâneas na bacia inferior do Rio Palar, no sul da Índia

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Abstract

Groundwater modelling is widely used as a management tool to understand the behaviour of aquifer systems under different hydrological stresses, whether induced naturally or by humans. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a subsurface barrier on groundwater flow in the Palar River basin, Tamil Nadu, southern India. Groundwater is supplied to a nearby nuclear power plant and groundwater also supplies irrigation, industrial and domestic needs. In order to meet the increasing demand for groundwater for the nuclear power station, a subsurface barrier/dam was proposed across Palar River to increase the groundwater heads and to minimise the subsurface discharge of groundwater into the sea. The groundwater model used in this study predicted that groundwater levels would increase by about 0.1–0.3 m extending out a distance of about 1.5–2 km from the upstream side of the barrier, while on the downstream side, the groundwater head would lower by about 0.1–0.2 m. The model also predicted that with the subsurface barrier in place the additional groundwater requirement of approximately 13,600 m3/day (3 million gallons (UK)/day) can be met with minimum decline in regional groundwater head.

Résumé

La modélisation des eaux souterraines est largement utilisée comme un outil de gestion pour comprendre le comportement des systèmes aquifères soumis à différentes contraintes hydrologiques, qu’elles soient naturelles ou induites par l’homme. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’effet d’une barrière souterraine sur l’écoulement des eaux souterraines dans le bassin du fleuve Palar, Tamil Nadu, sud de l’Inde. L’eau souterraine est utilisée par une centrale nucléaire proche mais aussi pour les besoins de l’irrigation, industriels et domestiques. Afin de répondre à la demande croissante en eau souterraine de la centrale nucléaire, la construction d’une barrière souterraine/barrage a été proposée en travers du fleuve Palar afin d’augmenter le niveau piézométrique et de minimiser le débit d’eaux souterraines vers la mer. Le modèle hydrogéologique utilisé dans cette étude prédit que les niveaux piézométriques augmenteraient d’environ 0.1–0.3 m sur une distance d’environ 1.5 à 2 km à l’amont de la barrière, tandis que du côté aval les niveaux piézométriques diminueraient d’environ 0.1–0.2 m. Le modèle prédit aussi qu’avec la barrière souterraine, la demande supplémentaire en eau souterraine d’environ 13,600 m3/j (3 million gallons (UK)/jour) peut être satisfaite avec une diminution minimale du niveau piézométrique de la nappe régionale.

Resumen

El modelado del agua subterránea es ampliamente usado como una herramienta de manejo para entender el comportamiento de los sistemas acuíferos bajo diferentes tensiones hidrológicas, ya sea inducida naturalmente como por el hombre. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una barrera subsuperficial sobre el flujo de agua subterránea en la cuenca del Río Palar, Tamil Nadu, sur de India. El agua subterránea es el suministro para una planta de energía nuclear cercana y también para irrigación y las necesidades industriales y domésticas. Con el fin de satisfacer la demanda creciente de agua subterránea de la planta de energía nuclear se propuso una barrera / dique subsuperficial transversalmente al Río Palar para incrementar la carga del agua subterránea y minimizar la descarga subsuperficial de agua subterránea en el mar. El modelo de agua subterránea usado en este estudio predijo que los niveles de agua subterránea aumentarían en alrededor de 0.1–0.3 m extendiéndose hasta una distancia de alrededor de 1.5–2 km del sector de aguas arriba de la barrera, mientras que en el sector de aguas abajo, la carga de agua subterránea descendería alrededor de 0.1–0.2 m. El modelo también predijo que con la barrera subsuperficial colocada el requerimiento adicional de agua subterránea de aproximadamente 13,600 m3/d (3 millones de galones (UK)/día) puede ser satisfecho con un mínimo descenso en la carga regional del agua subterránea.

摘要

地下水模型是广泛用于研究自然或人为的水文因素影响下含水层系统行为的一种管理工具。此次研究的目的是评估印度南部泰米尔纳德邦Palar河流域中地下水坝对地下水流的影响。研究区的地下水主要供应邻近的核电站,并且用于满足灌溉以及工业的和饮水的需求。为了满足核电站对地下水的需求量,地下水坝将穿越Palar河以提高地下水头,减少地下水向海洋的排泄。根据地下水模型预测,从水坝的上游一侧延伸1.5–2km地下水位将升高0.1–0.3 m,而在下游一侧地下水位将降低0.1–0.2 m。模型还预测出由于地下水坝的存在,可以增加地下水为13,600 m–3/d(3百万加仑(UK)/day),而区域地下水水位下降有限。

Resumo

A modelação de águas subterrâneas é vastamente utilizada como uma ferramenta de gestão para entender o comportamento dos sistemas aquíferos sujeitos a diferentes pressões hidrológicas, quer sejam induzidas naturalmente ou pelo homem. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma barreira subsuperficial no escoamento de águas subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Palar, Tamil Nadu, no sul da Índia. A água subterrânea abastece uma central de energia nuclear próxima e suporta também as necessidades de rega, industriais e domésticas. De forma a responder à procura crescente de águas subterrâneas pela estação de energia nuclear, propôs-se uma barragem/barreira subterrânea transversalmente ao rio Palar, para aumentar os níveis de águas subterrâneas e para minimizar a descarga subsuperficial das mesmas para o mar. O modelo de águas subterrâneas utilizado neste estudo previu que os níveis de águas subterrâneas aumentariam em cerca de 0.1–0.3 m numa extensão de cerca de 1.5–2 km do lado montante da barreira, enquanto, do lado jusante, o potencial das águas subterrâneas desceria cerca de 0.1–0.2 m. O modelo previu também que, com a barreira subsuperficial implantada, as necessidades adicionais de águas subterrâneas de aproximadamente 13,600 m3/d podem ser satisfeitas com uma descida mínima no potencial de águas subterrâneas regional.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, India, for providing the necessary data. Part of this work was carried out with the facilities created using grants received under the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, FIST programme and the University Grants Commission DRS scheme. We thank Ms S.P Rajaveni and Ms K. Brindha, Research Fellows, for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. We thank the reviewers for their critical comments, which helped to improve this report.

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Senthilkumar, M., Elango, L. Modelling the impact of a subsurface barrier on groundwater flow in the lower Palar River basin, southern India. Hydrogeol J 19, 917–928 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0735-0

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