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Source of paleo-groundwater in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: evidence from unusual oxygen and deuterium isotope data

Origine des eaux souterraines anciennes dans l’émirat d’Abou Dabi, Emirats Arabes Unis: informations apportées par des teneurs en isotopes de l’oxygène et du deutérium inhabituelles

Fuentes de aguas subterráneas fósiles en el Emirato de Abu Dhabi, Emiratos Árabes Unidos: evidencia de datos inusuales de isótopos de deuterio y oxígeno

阿拉伯联合酋长国的阿布扎比酋长国的古地下水来源: 依据异常的氢氧同位素值

Origem de paleo-águas subterrâneas no Emirado de Abu Dhabi, Emirados Árabes Unidos: evidência a partir de dados invulgares dos isótopos de oxigénio e deutério

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Abstract

Paleo-groundwaters of 6000 years BP from the Liwa water-table sand dune aquifer in the Rub al Khali and the Gachsaran artesian carbonate aquifer, on the coast of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (UAE), exhibit normal δ2H/δ18O slopes, modest δ18O increases, and large negative deuterium excess “d” (Liwa aquifer: 2.19‰ VSMOW and d = –15; Gachsaran aquifer: 3.16‰ VSMOW and d = –28) compared to local Shamal precipitation (0.05‰ VSMOW and d = 7). This unusual isotopic signature is hypothesized to result from re-evaporation of continental runoff to the Red Sea catchment basin. It is postulated that this continental water flowed onto the surface of the Indian Ocean providing a moisture source for the monsoon that dominated precipitation during this, the last wet period in the area from 5000 to 9000 BP. Carbonate precipitation, forming speleothems, travertines, tufas, lacustrine, and capillary-zone deposits, subsequently record this δ18O isotopic signature. This rock record is thus dominated by the water source, rather than environmental conditions of deposition normally assumed to control the rock δ18O isotopic signature. As a consequence, re-evaluation of paleo-climateδ18O data from the rock record may be necessary for this time period in southern Arabia.

Résumé

Les eaux souterraines anciennes, âgées de 6000 ans BP, provenant de l’aquifère sableux dunaire à surface libre de Liwa dans le Rub al Khali et de l’aquifère carbonaté artésien de Gachsaran sur la côte de l’émirat d’Abou Dabi (EAU), montrent une droite météorique similaire, une augmentation modérée du δ18O et un excès en deutérium « d » très faible (aquifère de Liwa : 2.19 δ18O‰ VSMOW et d = –15 ; aquifère Gachsaran : 3.16 δ18O‰ VSMOW et d = –28) par rapport aux précipitations de Shamal (0.05 δ18O‰VSMOW et d = 7). Cette signature isotopique singulière est susceptible de résulter de processus de ré-évaporation d’eaux de ruissellement continentales circulant en direction du bassin versant de la Mer Rouge. Ces eaux continentales circulent ainsi à la surface de l’Océan Indien et fournissent une source d’humidité à la mousson, processus dominant des précipitations dans cette région, pendant la dernière période humide, de 5000 à 9000 BP. La précipitation des carbonates, la formation des spéléothèmes, des travertins, des tufs et les dépôts lacustres et de zone capillaire ont enregistré cette signature isotopique en δ18O. Cet enregistrement sédimentaire est alors plus conditionné par l’origine de l’eau que par les paramètres environnementaux de dépôt habituellement supposés contrôler la signature isotopique en δ18O des roches. En conséquence, une réévaluation des données paléoclimatiques en δ18O d’origine rocheuse pourrait être nécessaire pour cette période en Arabie du sud.

Resumen

Las aguas subterráneas fósiles de 6000 años AP de la capa freática del acuífero de dunas arenosas de Liwa en el Rub al Khali y en el acuífero carbonático artesiano de Gashsaran, sobre la costa del Emirato de Abu Dhabi (UAE), presentan pendientes normales de δ2H/δ18O, modestos incrementos de 18O, y grandes excesos de deuterio negativo “d” (acuífero Liwa: 2.19‰ VSMOW y d = –15; acuífero Gachsaran: 3.16‰ VSMOW y d = –28) comparado con la precipitación local de Shamal (0.05‰ VSMOW y d = 7). Esta inusual señal isotópica se supone ser el resultado de la reevaporación del escurrimiento superficial continental a la cuenca de drenaje del Mar Rojo. Se postula que esta agua continental fluyó sobre la superficie del océano Indico proveyendo una fuente de humedad para el monzón que dominó la precipitación durante este, el último período húmedo en el área de 5000 a 9000 AP. La precipitación carbonática formando espeleotemas, travertinos, tufas, lagunas, y depósitos en la zona capilar, delata subsecuentemente esta señal del isótopo de δ18O. Este registro de rocas está así dominado por la fuente de agua más que por las condiciones ambientales o la deposición que normalmente se supone que controlan la señal isotópica de δ18O en las rocas. En consecuencia, la reevaluación de datos δ18O paleoclimáticos a partir del registro de roca puede ser necesaria para este período de tiempo en Arabia del Sur.

摘要

阿布扎比酋长国的滨海鲁卜哈利的Liwa砂丘潜水含水层和加奇萨兰灰岩承压自流含水层中的年龄为距今6000年的古地下水与附近的Shamal地区降水 (δ18O为0.05‰ VSMOW, 氘盈余为 +7) 同位素相比, 2H/18O斜率正常, δ18O的富集、氘盈余很低 (Liwa含水层: 分别为2.19‰ VSMOW和d = –15; 加奇萨兰含水层: 分别为3.16‰ VSMOW 和d = –28)。 这些异常的同位素值是红海流域盆地的陆相径流的二次蒸发过程导致的。我们认为流到印度洋表面的陆相水流为季风提供了水汽来源。该季风主要控制着距今5000到9000年期间该地区最后一个潮湿气候时期的降水。碳酸盐的沉淀, 形成了钟乳石, 钙华, 泉华, 湖泊沉积物和毛细带沉积物记录了相应的δ18O同位素信息。这种岩石记录的δ18O同位素信息主要受水源支配, 而不是通常认为的沉积环境。所以, 岩石记录中的古气候δ18O数据的重评估对于该时期内的阿拉伯南部地区是非常 必要的。

Resumo

As paleo-águas subterrâneas com 6000 anos existentes no aquífero freático de Liwa em Rub al Khali, formado em areias dunares, e no aquífero artesiano carbonatado de Gachsaran, na costa do Emirado de Abu Dhabi (EAU), exibem declives normais de δ2H/δ18O, aumentos moderados de δ18O e um excesso de deutério “d” altamente negativo (aquífero de Liwa: 2.19‰ VSMOW e d = –15; aquífero Gachsaran: 3.16‰ VSMOW e d = –28), quando comparados com a precipitação local de Shamal (0.05‰ VSMOW e d = 7). Uma possível explicação para esta assinatura isotópica invulgar é a re-evaporação do escoamento superficial na bacia hidrográfica do Mar Vermelho. Presume-se que esta água continental entrava no Oceano Índico, ficando à superfície e proporcionando uma fonte de humidade para as monções que dominaram as precipitações no último período húmido da região, entre 5000 e 9000 anos atrás. Posteriormente, a precipitação de carbonatos registou esta assinatura isotópica de δ18O, formando espeleotemas, travertinos, tufas e depósitos lacustres e na zona capilar. É portanto a origem da água que determina este registo isotópico de δ18O nas rochas, mais do que as condições ambientais de deposição normalmente consideradas predominantes. Com efeito, poderá ser necessário reavaliar os dados paleo-climáticos de δ18O nos registos das rochas no sul da Arábia para este período temporal.

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Acknowledgements

This is unfunded ‘curiosity’ research that utilizes data collected from a number of projects over a 20-year period from an ongoing study of the water resources of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Drilling Company of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Thanks go to D. Clark, J. Imes, and J. Tamayo of the USGS/NDC, A. Ain, for great field companionship and help in sample collection over 20 years. Reviews on an earlier version by J. Gat and I. Clark significantly improved the thinking and presentation. I. Clark kindly provided detailed isotopic data of the Oman monsoon. E. Harvey, T. Kraemer and M. Sultan reviewed the current manuscript, as did two anonymous reviewers. The National Drilling Company and the Director of the USGS have authorized publication.

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Wood, W.W. Source of paleo-groundwater in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: evidence from unusual oxygen and deuterium isotope data. Hydrogeol J 19, 155–161 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0626-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0626-9

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