Abstract
In keeping with the standard scientific methods, investigations of salinity processes focus on the collection and interpretation of contemporary scientific data. However, using multiple lines of evidence from non-hydrogeologic sources such as geomorphic, archaeological and historical records can substantially add value to the scientific investigations. By using such evidence, the validity of the assumptions about salinity processes in Australian landscapes is challenged, especially the assumption that the clearing of native vegetation has resulted in rising saline groundwater in all landscapes. In the Corangamite region of south-west Victoria, salinity has been an episodic feature of the landscapes throughout the Quaternary and was present at the time of the Aboriginal inhabitants and the first pastoral settlement by Europeans. Although surface-water salinity has increased in some waterways and the area of salinised land has expanded in some landscapes, there is no recorded evidence found which supports significant rises in groundwater following widespread land-use change. In many areas, salinity is an inherent component of the region’s landscapes, and sustains world-class environmental assets that require appropriate salinity levels for their ecological health. Managing salinity requires understanding the specific salinity processes in each landscape.
Résumé
En se conformant aux méthodes scientifiques standard, les études de l’acquisition de la salinité se concentrent sur la collecte et l’interprétation de données scientifiques contemporaines. Toutefois, l’utilisation de filières multiples de données provenant de sources non hydrogéologiques telles que des compilations géomorphologiques, archéologiques et historiques peut ajouter de façon substantielle de la valeur aux études scientifiques. En utilisant de telles données, la validité des hypothèses concernant l’acquisition de la salinité dans les espaces naturels Australiens est mise en question, en particulier l’hypothèse que le défrichement de la végétation indigène a entraîné une remontée d’eau souterraine saline dans toutes les espaces naturels. Dans la région de Corangamite du Sud Ouest du Victoria la salinité a été une caractéristique épisodique des espaces naturels pendant tout le Quaternaire et était présente du temps des habitants Aborigènes et des premiers peuplements pastoraux par les Européens. Bien que la salinité de l’eau de surface ait augmentée dans quelques cours d’eau et que la superficie de terres devenues salines se soit développée dans certaines régions, aucune preuve documentée n’a été trouvée qui confirme des remontées d’eau souterraine significatives à la suite de modifications extensives de l’utilisation du sol. Dans de nombreuses régions la salinité est une composante inhérente aux espaces naturels de la région, et entretiennent une richesse environnementale de niveau mondial qui exige des niveaux de salinité convenant à leur santé écologique. La gestion de la salinité exige la compréhension du développement spécifique de la salinité dans chaque espace naturel.
Resumen
De acuerdo con los métodos científicos, las investigaciones de procesos de salinización se centran en la recolección e interpretación de datos científicos modernos. Sin embargo, el uso de líneas múltiples de evidencia de fuentes no hidrogeológicas –tales como registros geomórficos, arqueológicos e históricos-pueden agregar un valor sustancial a las investigaciones científicas. Mediante el uso de tales evidencias, se cuestiona la validez de las hipótesis sobre procesos de salinización en ambientes australianos, especialmente la noción que la eliminación de la vegetación nativa ha resultado en en la elevación de agua subterránea salina en los ambientes. En la región de Corangamite, al sudoeste de Victoria, la salinidad ha sido una característica episódica del paisaje durante el Cuarternario y estaba presente en tiempo de los habitantes aborígenes y de los primeros asentamientos pastoriles europeos. Aunque la salinidad de cuerpos de agua superficiales se ha incrementado y las tierras alinizadas se han expandidos en algunos ambientes, no se encontraron registros que sustenten que la elevación del agua subterránea fue la consecuencia de la generalización de cambios en el uso de la tierra. En muchas áreas, la salinidad es un componente inherente a la región, que posee “activos“ambientales que requieren de niveles apropiados de salinidad para su sanidad ecológica. La gestión de la salinidad supone una comprensión de los procesos de salidad en cada ambiente.







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Acknowledgements
The Corangamite Catchment Management Authority provided the funding for this research. The work contributes towards PD’s PhD studies partly funded through an Australian Postgraduate Award. Thanks to Dr Erica Nathan who provided some of the historical references.
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Dahlhaus, P.G., Cox, J.W., Simmons, C.T. et al. Beyond hydrogeologic evidence: challenging the current assumptions about salinity processes in the Corangamite region, Australia. Hydrogeol J 16, 1283–1298 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0313-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0313-2


