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Observed thermal pollution and post-development simulations of low-temperature geothermal systems in Winnipeg, Canada

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Abstract

Two issues arise in the long-term use of groundwater for thermal purposes: (1) the sustainability of an individual system; and (2) the effect of neighbouring systems on each other. Both of these effects are observed in an area of the Carbonate Rock Aquifer beneath Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada, where groundwater has been exploited in thermal applications since 1965. In this area, there are four systems that utilize groundwater for cooling purposes that are closely spaced. The current temperatures observed in this area of the Carbonate Rock Aquifer and the results of the numerical modeling conducted in this study confirm that in each system, temperatures at the production well have risen as a result of breakthrough of injected water. The results of numerical modeling also indicate that interference effects are present in three of the four systems examined in this study. The influence of these systems on each other implies that these systems have a spacing that is smaller than the optimum spacing for such systems, and indicates that there is a limit to the density of development that can occur in a given aquifer.

Résumé

Deux questions se posent lors de l’utilisation des eaux souterraines à des fins thermiques: (1) la durabilité des systèmes individuels; et (2) l’effet réciproque de systèmes voisins. Ces deux effets sont étudiés dans une zone de l’Aquifère carbonaté sous Winnipeg, dans le Manitoba au Canada, où les eaux souterraines ont été exploitées pour des applications thermiques depuis 1965. Dans cette zone, quatre différents systèmes utilisant l’eau souterraine pour le refroidissement, sont situés à proximité les uns des autres. Les températures actuelles observées dans la zone de l’Aquifère Carbonaté et le résultat de modélisation numérique confirment que chaque système, les températures au droit des puits de production a augmenté, résultat de l’injection d’eau dans le sol. Les résultats de la modélisation numérique indiquent également qu’il existe des interférences entre 3 des 4 systèmes étudiés. L’influence de ces systèmes, les uns sur les autres, implique que ces systèmes sont situés à une distance plus petite que l’espace optimal pour de tels systèmes, et indique par ailleurs qu’il devrait exister une densité limite pour un aquifère particulier.

Resumen

El uso a largo plazo del agua subterránea con fines termales da lugar a dos problemas: (1) la sostenibilidad del sistema individual; y (2) el efecto de sistemas vecinos uno con otro. Ambos de estos efectos se observan en un área del Acuífero de Roca Calcárea de Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canadá, donde el agua subterránea se ha explotado para aplicaciones termales desde 1965. En esta área existen cuatro sistemas que utilizan agua subterránea con propósitos de enfriamiento y que tienen espaciamiento cercano. Las temperaturas actuales observadas en esta área del Acuífero de Roca Calcárea y los resultados del modelo numérico llevados a cabo en este estudio confirman, que en cada sistema, las temperaturas del pozo de producción han ascendido como resultado de la penetración de agua inyectada. Los resultados del modelo numérico también indican que los efectos de interferencia están presentes en tres de los cuatro sistemas examinados en este estudio. La influencia de estos sistemas entre ellos mismos implica que los sistemas tienen un espaciado que es menor al óptimo, e indica que existe un límite para la densidad de desarrollo que puede ocurrir en un acuífero dado.

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Acknowledgements

This research benefited from conversations with, Bob Betcher, John Little, and Frank Render of the Manitoba Department of Water Stewardship. Numerical models were created with a code supplied by the Southwest Research Institute and Scott Painter and Ron Green provided valuable advice in the application of this code. The authors are thankful to the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers who provided insightful critiques of this manuscript. This research was funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Manitoba Hydro and the Geological Survey of Canada.

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Correspondence to Grant Ferguson.

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Contaminación termal y simulaciones post-desarrollo de sistemas geotermales de baja temperatura en Winnipeg, Canadá

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Ferguson, G., Woodbury, A.D. Observed thermal pollution and post-development simulations of low-temperature geothermal systems in Winnipeg, Canada. Hydrogeol J 14, 1206–1215 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0047-y

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