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Verletzungen des hinteren Kreuzbands

Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament

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Trauma und Berufskrankheit

Zusammenfassung

Bislang wurde angenommen, dass das hintere Kreuzband (HKB) deutlich seltener reißt als das vordere (VKB). Tatsächlich jedoch ist das HKB bei schweren Knieverletzungen in fast 40% der Fälle mitbeteiligt. Oft liegen bei diesen ausgedehnten Läsionen kombinierte Verletzungsmuster vor. Für eine suffiziente Versorgung der HKB-Verletzungen ist die exakte Diagnostik von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dabei ist zu differenzieren, ob eine isolierte oder kombinierte Verletzung oder ein chronisches Geschehen vorliegen. In der letzten Dekade wurden hinsichtlich der diagnostischen Verfahren und deren Auswertung entscheidende Fortschritte gemacht. So wird mittlerweile mehr Wert auf das quantitative Ausmaß der hinteren Schublade mit Hilfe gehaltener radiologischer Aufnahmetechniken und die Beantwortung der Frage gelegt, inwieweit periphere Kapsel-Band-Strukturen mitbeteiligt sind. Bei diesen Verletzungsformen weiß man mittlerweile, dass es zur erneuten Auslockerung der HKB-Rekonstruktion kommen wird, wenn die peripheren Strukturen nicht mitversorgt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll eine Übersicht über die HKB-Verletzungen und deren differenzierte, pathologieabhängige Versorgungsstrategien geben.

Abstract

Up to now it has been assumed that tears of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were decidedly less common than injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It is now known, however, that the PCL is involved in almost 40% of severe knee injuries. Many of these extensive knee injuries are combined injuries. Accurate diagnosis is of decisive importance if treatment of PCL lesions is to be adequate. It is essential to find out whether the pattern is one of isolated or combined injury or of a chronic condition. In the last decade there have been important advances in diagnostic procedures and how they are evaluated. Meanwhile, more value is placed on the quantitative extent of the posterior compartment with the aid of radiological techniques performed during stress and on the extent of involvement of peripheral capsular ligament structures. We now know that if the posterolateral or the posteromedial structures are not also treated instability of the PCL reconstruction will occur later. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of PCL injuries and the different treatment strategies to be applied depending on the pathology.

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Jäger, A., Linke, R. Verletzungen des hinteren Kreuzbands. Trauma Berufskrankh 9, 301–308 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-007-1289-1

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