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Systematische Übersicht zur totalendoprothetischen Versorgung des oberen Sprunggelenks mit 3-Komponenten-Systemen der neuen Generation

  • Leitthema
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Trauma und Berufskrankheit

Zusammenfassung

Von den 3-Komponenten-Prothesenmodellen der neuen Generation mit "biologischer" Verankerung werden hinsichtlich der totalendoprothetischen Versorgung des oberen Sprunggelenks (OSG-TEP) relevante Fortschritte erwartet. Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche durchgeführt, in die prospektive und retrospektive Kohortenstudien mit >20 Patienten, minimaler Nachbeobachtung von 1 Jahr und Angabe wenigstens eines klinisch relevanten Endpunkts nach OSG-TEP eingeschlossen wurden. Ausgewertet wurden Differenzen zwischen prä- und postoperativen klinischen Scoreerhebungen, Bewegungsumfang und Komplikationsraten. Von insgesamt 1829 Zitaten erfüllten 17 Arbeiten die Einschlusskriterien; die meisten verfügbaren Studien wiesen grobe methodische Mängel und eine ungenügende Datentransparenz auf. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 42,6 Monate. Die funktionellen Ergebnisse (gemessen anhand von 100-Punkte-Score-Systemen) verbesserten sich um 43,7 Punkte, der mittlere Bewegungsumfang um 6,7°. Komplikationsraten lagen zwischen 2,4% (tiefe Infektionen) und 9,5% (Frakturen). Die gewichtete kumulative Häufigkeit von Revisionen betrug 12,0%, von Arthrodesen 5,7%. Die kumulative 5-Jahres-Prothesen-Überlebensrate kann auf 90% geschätzt werden. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die OSG-TEP bei ausgewählten Patienten eine geeignete Alternative zur Sprunggelenkversteifung darstellt. Aufgrund der kritischen Datenlage und der unzureichenden Langzeitergebnisse sollte das Verfahren Zentren und erfahrenen Chirurgen vorbehalten bleiben.

Abstract

Total ankle arthroplasty is still considered a dubious procedure for the treatment of ankle arthrosis of whatever aetiology. Considerable improvements were anticipated with the introduction of meniscus-bearing prostheses with "biological" fixation. Electronic databases and the internet were searched for prospective or retrospective cohort studies with >20 subjects, follow-up of at least 1 year, and at least one clinical study endpoint following implantation of a meniscus-bearing total ankle prosthesis. The reference lists of the papers retrieved were examined for access to other potentially relevant investigations. Two of the authors working independently extracted data on a data form and assessed methodological issues by means of an eight-point quality scale. Differences in preoperative and postoperative scores on clinical scoring systems, ranges of motion (ROM), and complication rates were weighted according to the size of each study. Originally 1,829 citations were identified, but methodological flaws and inadequate data transparency meant that only 17 studies, involving a total of 1,037 patients, were evaluable. The mean length of follow-up was 42.6 months. The functional results of 11 studies made it possible to pool the data, and an average postoperative improvement by 43.7 points (95% CI 37.8–49.7) was determined for the 497 patients concerned. There was a marginal overall improvement of 6.7° (95% CI 1.3–11.5°) in ROM. The mean quality score was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–4.9). Weighted complication rates ranged from 2.4% to 9.5%. Revisions had to be performed in 12.0% of patients in all studies, and secondary arthrodesis was necessary in 5.7%. The results available indicate that in selected patients total ankle replacement can be a suitable alternative to arthrodesis, but must not be performed outside specialised centres until more rigorously obtained scientific data are available.

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Correspondence to Dirk Stengel.

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Die Autoren Kai Bauwens und Dirk Stengel trugen beide zu gleichen Teilen zu dieser Arbeit bei.

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Bauwens, K., Stengel, D., Ekkernkamp, A. et al. Systematische Übersicht zur totalendoprothetischen Versorgung des oberen Sprunggelenks mit 3-Komponenten-Systemen der neuen Generation. Trauma Berufskrankh 5, 291–299 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-003-0778-0

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